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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
بررسی خصوصیات فنوتیپی انتروکوک مقاوم به وانکومایسین در خوک ها در تایلند
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Detection and phenotypic characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in pigs in Thailand
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Enterococci are ubiquitous, Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultative-anaerobic bacteria and while they inhabit humans and animals and present as a part of the normal intestinal flora (Noble, 1978), they are now recognized as one of the leading causes of hospital-associated infections (Hidron et al., 2008). Many infections with enterococci are life-threatening and can be difficult to treat, due to their resistance to several antimicrobials (Huycke et al., 1998). Of particular concern has been the emergence of strains with resistance to glycopeptides. Vancomycin and teicoplanin are the glycopeptide antibiotics currently in use for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections (Murray, 2000). Vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE) are typically multidrug-resistant and treatment options are significantly limited. Moreover, certain VRE genotypes have the potential to transfer the resistant genes to the more virulent Gram-positive pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus (Noble et al., 1992). VRE were first reported in the late 1980s (Leclercq et al., 1988). Since then, VRE have been detected worldwide. In the United States, there was a 20-fold increase in VRE infection rates within a 5-year period and the percentage of VRE identified from patients in the intensive care unit with nosocomial infections was 28.5% in 2003 (National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance, 2004). In Europe, a high frequency of VRE has been reported among food animals, retail meats and non hospitalized people (Bager et al., 1997; Bonten et al., 2001). It was found that the use of avoparcin (a glycopeptide analogue) during livestock production was an important factor for the emergence of VRE (Bager et al., 1997). Due to the possible transmission of VRE and their resistant genes from farm animals to humans, a ban was enforced throughout the European Union on the use of avoparcin (Casewell et al., 2003). A study that followed the change resulting from the ban found a decrease in the prevalence of VRE in farm animals (Bager et al.,
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