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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
پیامدهای استراتژی در محل برای حفاظت از تنوع ژنتیکی گیاهی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Consequences of in-situ strategies for the conservation of plant genetic diversity
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Conservation practitioners have limited resources to carry out their work, and must mitigate extinction threats to species and populations against a background of activities that compete with conservation for land use. Hence they often need to make, either explicitly or implicitly, decisions regarding how many and which populations in a species' range should be conserved (Margules and Pressey, 2000; Prendergast et al., 1999). The populations comprising species' ranges often differ genetically from one another. For instance, levels of genetic diversity can vary in response to local population size and habitat fragmentation, and populations also differ in the expression of inbreeding depression and in their environmental adaptations (Aguilar et al., 2008; Angeloni et al., 2011; Ellstrand and Elam, 1993; Frankham, 1996; Franks et al., 2014; Leimu and Fischer, 2008). Thus, the decision to protect a subset of populations is likely to carry immediate consequences for the conservation of genetic biodiversity (Neel and Cummings, 2003a), and may also alter the demographic sustainability of populations through habitat fragmentation and responses to environmental change. Conservation and agricultural biologists have used theoretical and empirical approaches to understand how genetic diversity is captured under different conservation scenarios, and to formulate guidelines for the conservation of genetic diversity (summarised in Table 1). Initially, these dealt with the capture of allelic diversity within ex-situ collections, and were derived from sampling theory for neutral alleles (Marshall and Brown, 1975). Recent ex-situ guidelines range from relatively small targets (e.g. collection of seed from 10 individuals in each of five populations; Centre for Plant Conservation (CPC, 1991) to comprehensive collections of germplasm (Brown and Marshall, 1995). However, these ex-situ guidelines are also relevant to, and have been extended to include, the conservation of genetic diversity in situ (Dulloo et al., 2008; Neel and Cummings, 2003a). This development is important, because only 28–38% of threatened plants have five populations in ex-situ collections (Godefroid et al., 2011). Furthermore, ex-situ populations can rapidly become genetically diverged from their source populations (Lauterbach et al., 2012), may lose adaptation to their source environment, and may become inbred (Schoen and Brown, 2001), highlighting the need for complementary in-situ conservation.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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