دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین همولوگ پریاکوئداکتال در مارماهی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
سانترال Griseum، یک همولوگ پریاکوئداکتال خاکستری در مارماهی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Griseum centrale, a homologue of the periaqueductal gray in the lamprey
سال انتشار : 2017
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Fear responses to environmental threats, is an important aspect of vertebrate behavior. Its expression typically involves fighting, fleeing, and freezing responses. These different response strategies are in turn composed of various behavioral and physiological components, shared between animals across the vertebrate phylum (Anderson and Adolphs, 2014). Already in 1872, Darwin hypothesized that even species evolutionarily distant from mammals, such as insects, may express emotions corresponding to fear or anger. The similarities in behavior and physiology suggest a similar neuronal circuitry controlling fear-related responses. In mammals, the structures involved in the expression of fearrelated behavior include the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, medial habenula, and periaqueductal gray (PAG; e.g. Behbehani, 1995; Ressler et al., 2002; Gross and Canteras, 2012; Tovote et al., 2016). With regard to observable physiological and behavioral responses, the PAG has been shown to be of special importance and serve as a downstream command center (see Carrive, 1993). The PAG is located in the mesencephalon under the colliculi and surrounds the mesencephalic aqueduct (Liu and Hamilton, 1980; Behbehani, 1995). It is subdivided into functionally distinct longitudinal columns (Carrive, 1993). Dorsally situated structures have been suggested to be more involved in fight or flight responses, whereas more ventrally located subdivisions participate in freezing responses (Bandler and Carrive, 1988; Carrive, 1993; Bandler et al., 2000; Tovote et al., 2016; see also Subramanian and Holstege, 2014). In humans, distal threat elicits activity in the prefrontal cortex, whereas when the threat comes closer activity is elicited preferentially in the PAG (Mobbs et al., 2007). The switch is important since this evolutionarily conserved midbrain region controls defensive behavior including fight, flight or freezing. The griseum centrale (GC) in the zebrafish corresponds to the mammalian PAG, and includes the dorsal tegmental nucleus and nucleus incertus. It is a longitudinally oriented column that starts in mesencephalon at the level of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) and extends along the ventral lining of the rhomboencephalic ventricle (Wullimann et al., 1996). The GC has been shown to receive input from the dorsal portion of IPN, a nucleus that itself is a major recipient of input from the medial habenula (Okamoto et al., 2012), and the habenula-IPN-GC pathway has been suggested to control freezing responses (Agetsuma et al., 2010). In the present study we investigate, using neuroanatomical tracing, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, whether a structure corresponding to PAG/GC is present already in the lamprey, representing the oldest group of now living vertebrates(Kumar and Hedges, 1998). Other fear-related structures, including the hypothalamus, IPN and medial habenula are all present in the lamprey, and the medial habenula has a similar organization with regard to input as in mammals and zebrafish, and has IPN as a downstream structure (Stephenson-Jones et al., 2012). Here, we identify a region in the lamprey that in location and connectivity is similar to the PAG/GC.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Griseum Centrale - BRAINMAPS.ORG - BRAIN ATLAS, BRAIN MAPS ... brainmaps.org/index.php?pm=Griseum%20Centrale Griseum Centrale. (1) Neurogenesis occurred in the stratum Griseum Centrale of the tectum opticum from S11-12 to S16 with a peak at S12. Regenerating optic ... Periaquäduktales Grau - DocCheck Flexikon flexikon.doccheck.com/de/Periaquäduktales_Grau Translate this page Rating: 3.5 - 19 votes Synonyme: zentrales Höhlengrau, Griseum centrale, Substantia grisea periaqueductalis, Substantia grisea centralis. Englisch: periaqueductal gray ... dict.cc dictionary :: periaqueductal gray PAG [Griseum centrale ... www.dict.cc/.../periaqueductal+gray+PAG++%5BGriseum+centrale+Substantia+grisea+p... dict.cc German-English Dictionary: Translation for periaqueductal gray PAG [Griseum centrale Substantia grisea periaqueductalis Substantia grisea centralis] Griseum centrale, a homologue of the periaqueductal gray in the ... iranarze.ir/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/E3508.pdf aqueductal gray (PAG) in mammals, and in the zebrafish, the griseum centrale. Here, we show in the lamprey, belonging to the oldest now living group of ... Searches related to Griseum centrale periaqueductal gray location nucleus raphe magnus locus coeruleus substantia gelatinosa red nucleus tegmentum reticular formation nucleus ambiguus
