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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اندازه گیری تاثیرات تکرار در شبکه های اجتماعی جنایی شیکاگو
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Measurement of repeat effects in Chicago’s criminal social network
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Criminological studies have shown that crime is not uniformly distributed among victims, arrestees and places, with repeat crimes playing a fundamental role [5]. In fact, about half of all crimes in the United States are committed by repeat arrestees [19]. Moreover, some reports [4] have suggested a high degree of overlap between victim and arrestee populations, and research has already demonstrated that victims of personal or property crimes and of gun violence experience elevated crime risks within months of an instigating incident [8,16]. Thus, it is reasonable to expect the same effect to exist among the arrestee population, which has implications for the prevention of crime [10,21]. In the field of criminology there is a well-known phenomenon known as the near-repeat effect, which refers to a tendency for crime risk to be temporarily increased within the near vicinity of recent crime incidents (i.e., incidents that have taken place nearby in both space and time; e.g., [10,20]). In this paper, we hypothesize the existence of a different kind of near-repeat effect, in which we modify the definition of ‘‘near” to refer not to geographical relationships among crime incidents, but rather to crime-related interpersonal relationships among the individuals involved in these incidents. We measure the notion of interpersonal distance by using the well-established concept of ‘‘degrees of separation,” which is known technically as geodesic distance. In this paper we define geodesic distance in a criminal social network as follows: If Person A and Person B have been arrested previously in connection with the same crime incident (co-arrested), they are said to have one degree of separation. If, in turn, Person C has been co-arrested with Person B, then Person C is said to be separated from Person A by two degrees, and so on. Thus, we hypothesize that a crime incident involving Person A, will temporarily increase the crime risk for individuals such as Persons B and C, who are near Person A in this specific sense that we have defined. Later we show that the hypothesized effect does indeed exist within crime data for the city of Chicago.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Chicago school (sociology) - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_school_(sociology) In sociology and later criminology, the Chicago School was the first major body of works ... It has focused on human behavior as shaped by social structures and physical .... Although with hindsight, the School's attempts to map crime may have ... the same phenomena as captured by concepts such as network ties or social ... The Small Social Networks at the Heart of Chicago Violence | Chicago ... www.chicagomag.com/.../The-Small-Social-Networks-at-the-Heart-of-Chicago-Violen... Dec 9, 2013 - CeaseFire and The Interrupters reframed Chicago crime to study the idea ... But social-network theory accounts for who's messing around with ... How Social Networks Explain Violence in Chicago - The Atlantic https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/...social-networks...in-chicago/280159/ Oct 1, 2013 - The secret to understanding how violent crime spreads, he says, may lie in social network analysis (an idea also explored in The Atlantic's ... Innovation: Social Network Analysis | National Network for Safe ... https://nnscommunities.org/our-work/innovation/social-network-analysis Social network analysis is a mathematical method to describe the structures of street ... is designed to give criminal justice and violence prevention practitioners a basic ... In Effort To Curb Violence In Chicago, A Professor Mines Social Media. Ads Abogados Consulta Gratis. - Años de experiencia Adwww.mirandalawchicago.com/ Plan de Pago,Criminal, DUI, Trafico Penal,Deportacion,Lesiones Personal. Servicio En Español · Primera Consulta Gratis · Abogados Experimentados Heron Agency - Chicago Social Media Adwww.heronagency.com/ Creating targeted social media campaigns Highlights: Award-Winning Social Media Agency, Highly Interactive Approach… Chicago Crime - Search & Find Quick Results. Adwww.informationvine.com/Chicago+Crime Informationvine.com connects you to the best results from across the web. Search & Find Now · Find Relevant Information · Quick & Easy Answers · Learn More Searches related to Chicago’s criminal social network andrew papachristos chicago andrew papachristos cv social networks and the risk of gunshot injury david s kirk bridget goosby more coffee less crime papachristos gun violence andrew papachristos gun violence
