دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین رفتار در موش صحرایی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
شناسایی در کار پراکندگی: تاثیر تجربه اولیه و ارتباط با رفتارهای دیگر در موش های صحرایی (Microtus ochrogaster)
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Exploration in a dispersal task: Effects of early experience and correlation with other behaviors in prairie voles
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are small rodents native to the North Central region of the United States (Carter et al., 1995). Unlike many mammals, prairie voles are socially monogamous, biparental and alloparental. Adults establish selective long lasting male- female pair bonds and share the care for offspring; juveniles tend to exhibit spontaneous care-giving toward younger siblings – i.e. alloparental behavior (Carter and Getz, 1993). Although prairie voles are highly affiliative, there is significant individual variation in their behavior, which has been associated with variations in early biparental care and family structure (Ahern and Young, 2009; Perkeybile et al., 2013). Experimental and pharmacological manipulations of early experience and its long term effects on behavior and physiology have also been demonstrated in prairie voles (Bales and Perkeybile, 2012). Prairie vole pairs display natural variability in the amount and type of early biparental care provided to offspring. These natural variations in parental care are relatively subtle, do not affect survival of offspring, and are stable from one litter to the next (Perkeybile et al., 2013). However, these variations are likely to provide different social, tactile, thermal and olfactory experiences to offspring during a critical developmental period. This variation has been associated with long term changes in alloparental, intrasexual aggression and anxiety-like behaviors in juveniles and adults, as well as differences in cortical connections, densities and patterns in the primary somatosensory cortex (Perkeybile et al., 2013, 2015; Seelke et al., 2015). Field studies on the social organization of natural prairie vole populations have revealed that approximately 70% of male and 75% of young female prairie voles remain in the natal nest until death as non-breeding alloparents, sacrificing their reproductive opportunities (Getz et al., 1987). These animals are defined as philopatric. The remaining 30% of male and 25% of female voles disperse from their place of birth,leaving at aboutthe same age (4555 days) andmoving similar distances (28–33 m). Some animals have been reported to disperse as early as 16 days old and as late as 161 days old. Animals also appeared to make “trial runs” of approximately 20 m before permanently leaving their natal nest (McGuire et al., 1993). After dispersal, wild prairie voles can follow different paths. Some individuals form a breeding pair, others join established social groups (direct transfer), while others continue to wander (McGuire et al., 2013). Female wanderers are more likely to settle either as single individuals or as part of a male-female pair or communal group, given the need for a stable nest site and lactation (Getz et al., 1994; Getz and Carter, 1996). Wandering males tend to remain wanderers, and have large home ranges that overlap with many individuals, probably to increase the chances of opportunistic mating. Wanderers or residents that engage in extra pair fertilizations show low levels of vasopressin receptors (AVPR1a) in the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex and laterodorsal thalamus, areas that have been implicated in spatial memory (Ophir et al., 2008). Critical factors that determine whether or not an individual disperses have not been identified. Studies in natural and semi-natural conditions have focused mainly on characteristics at the time of dispersal and have found multiple factors influencing dispersal behavior, providing partial explanations (McGuire et al., 1993; Lin et al., 2006; Lucia et al., 2008). Dispersal was more common at low population densities, following the disappearance of both parents or the mother (in the case of single reproductive females), during the breeding season, from smaller groups, when young individuals became reproductively active at the natal nest, and when potential mates within the natal group were relatives (McGuire et al., 1993). An experimental study (Lin et al., 2006) controlled food availability and risk predation in habitat patches and found that prairie voles were less likely to disperse from high quality patches than from low-quality patches, and that dispersers preferred to settle in similar or higher quality patches. The proportion of offspring that remained philopatric increased as population density increased, however the presence of philopatric individuals at low population densities suggested that other factors might be involved besides habitat saturation (Lucia et al., 2008). Importantly, regardless ofthe level of food availability (Getz, 1997; Getz et al., 1992), most prairie vole offspring remain as philopatric individuals their entire lives. This suggests that philopatric behavior is not a direct response or an adaptation to low, medium or high food habitats. Data did not support other variables such as competition for mates, sex differences, body weight, or age differences at the time of dispersal as importantfactors influencing dispersal behavior in prairie voles (McGuire et al., 1993).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Research Papers | Bales Lab bales.faculty.ucdavis.edu/publications/research-papers/ (2016) Exploration in a dispersal task: Effects of early experience and correlation with other behaviors in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Behav Processes. Foundations in Social Neuroscience - Page 869 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=026253195X John T. Cacioppo - 2002 - Medical (1996) have compared the genes for oxytocin receptors in prairie voles and montane ... Ontogenetic experiences, including levels of perinatal stress and varying ... in social behaviors, including juvenile alloparental behavior and other indices ... The Neurobiology of Parental Behavior - Page 54 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0387217991 Michael Numan, Thomas R. Insel - 2006 - Science In primates other than marmosets and tamarins, infant handling by juvenile ... female prairie voles that have had juvenile alloparental experience showed higher ... a captive social group of vervet monkeys, established the following correlation: ... Oxytocin's routes in social behavior: into the 21st century. ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=2889196968 Alaine Keebaugh, Elissar Andari, Lisa A. Parr - 2015 MATERNAL BEHAVIOR AND FAMILY GROUPS For most mammals, early life is experienced in a group because of the obligatory role of the ... in the regulation of maternal behavior, along with other hormones and neurotransmitters (see ... Alloparental behavior in juvenile prairie voles is positively correlated with OTR levels ... Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Related Peptides in the Regulation of Behavior https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1107328055 Elena Choleris, Donald W. Pfaff, Martin Kavaliers - 2013 - Medical wild nulliparous populations did express adopting behaviors toward infants. ... which agrees with previous research, no correlation between OT levels and ... warmth (Maestripieri et al., 2009), but agrees with other research (Hingham et al., ... It is possible that, as in male prairie voles (Bales et al., 2004), certain types of male ... Perspectives on Animal Behavior - Page 33 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0470045175 Judith Goodenough, Betty McGuire, Elizabeth Jakob - 2009 - Science Prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster, show more parental care than do meadow ... As a control, she fostered meadow vole pups to other meadow vole parents. ... The early experience of male voles influenced their parental behavior in much the ...
