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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
سنتز بر اساس QbD و بررسی خصوصیات پلی آکریل آمید پیوند خورده صمغ فیبر ذرت
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
QbD based synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamide grafted corn fibre gum
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Amongst natural polymers, polysaccharides are the materials of choice for drug delivery. This may be due to their biodegradability, safety, cheap, biocompatibility and easy availability from agricultural resources. However, the biodegradability reduces their shelf life and thus needs modifications (Durcilene, Regina, & Judith, 2007). Further, some previous research highlighted the wide range benefits of vinyl and other monomer based synthetic polymers. Therefore, most of the research these days aimed to utilize this power of grafting techniques. In addition, graft copolymerization contributes hydrophobic character and add stearic bulkiness, which considerably protects carbohydrates backbone that results in increase solution viscosity, improve flocculation effi- ciency, retard drug release, decolorize textile dyes, enhance the shear stability, impart resistance to biological degradation and super adsorbent property (Jiang et al., 2006; Mishra, Bajpai, & Pandey, 2006; Mundargi, Patil, & Aminabhavi, 2007; Singh, Tiwari, Tripathi, & Sanghi, 2004; Sanghi, Bhattacharya, & Singh, 2006; Toti & Aminabhavi, 2004). This probably the reason for the efforts made to achieve best possible graft copolymer onto the polysac-charide backbone like guar gum (Singh et al., 2004), acacia gum (Toti & Aminabhavi, 2004), cassia tora gum (Sharma, kumar, & Soni, 2002), tamarindus indica mucilage (Mishra, Bajpai, Pal, Agrawal, & Pandey, 2006), kundoor mucilage (Mishra & Bajpai, 2005), xanthan gum (Behari, Pandey, Kumar, & Taunk, 2001), carboxymethyl cellulose (Tame et al., 2011), Sodium alginate (Kurkuri, Kumbar, & Aminabhavi, 2002), amylopectin (Adhikary & Krishnamoorthi, 2013), starch (Pledger Jr., Young, Wu, Butler, & Hogen-Esch, 1986), carboxymethyl starch (Cao, Qing, Sun, Zhou, & Lin, 2002), chitosan (Al-Karawi, Al-Qaisi, Abdullah, Al-Mokaram, & Al-Heetimi, 2011), carrageenan (Darmayanti & Radiman, 2015) and cashew gum (da Silva, de Paula, & Feitosa, 2007). However, no attempt has been made to graft arabinoxylans (e.g. Corn Fibre gum). Corn fibres are rich source of arabinoxylans (AX). Corn fibres are byproduct of corn wet and dry milling process. A part of abundantly produced corn fibres are well utilized, but remaining is left as agriculture waste. Thus, the best use of corn fibres could be to extract arabinoxylans by alkali or alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution treatments. The corn fibre contain corn fibre gum that chemically consists of a linear backbone of -1, 4 linked xylopyranose backbone with arabinose as side chain on 2,3, or 5- linked position along with some glucuronic acid residue linked to secondary hydroxyl group of xylose residue of backbone (Yadav, Johnston, & Hicks, 2009) and galactose found as terminal residue (Yadav, Johnston, & Hicks, 2007). CFG is highly branched galactoglucuronoarabinoxylans containing only about 16–25% of total xylose in the backbone with no side chain and terminal xylose residue represent about 4–9% and remained 66–80% were substituted oftotal xylose residue (Yadav et al., 2007). Corn fibre gums is widely used in a variety of industrial application such as new food gum, additives in plastic, dietary fibres, polymers for chemical and pharmaceutical application because of its low cost and act as excellent emulsifier of oil-in-water emulsion system (Kamboj & Rana, 2014). The polyacrylamide chain reaction onto corn fibre gum (CFG) probably occurs when a radical is formed in the alkoxy group of the xylopyranose monomer by abstracting hydrogen atom from the 2nd and 3rd positioned-OH moieties of -1, 4 linked xylopyranose backbone. Grafting is expected to be initiated when acrylamide reacts with active sites of macroradical. The ammonium persulfate may induce homopolymerization when acrylamide reacts with the initiator, directly. In this reaction macroradical was formed by the reaction between sulfate radicals and hydroxyl group of the xylopyranose backbone (Maia, Silva, Curti, & Balaban, 2012). Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to utilize quality by design approach for the synthesis of graft copolymer of corn fibre gum using acrylamide for the purpose of improving mucoadhesionandrheologicalperformance ofputative form. Therefore,the synthesized graft copolymer was examined for improved physical, rheological and spectral attributes.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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