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عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
A mathematical model of non-photochemical quenching to study short-term light memory in plants
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Plants require light for photosynthesis, but excessive light is dangerous, because it can inflict irreparable damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. As sessile organisms, plants therefore require adaptive mechanisms to dynamically react to changing light conditions. A common strategy that has evolved in eukaryotic phototrophs [1] is the dissipation of excess absorbed energy in the form of heat, through processes collectively termed as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) [2], which can be experimentally assessed by monitoring chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence dynamics [3]. Analyses of the dynamics of Chl fluorescence quenching identified different NPQ components, which have been assigned to different NPQ mechanisms [4–6]: (1) the pH-regulated mechanism, qE [7], (2) the state transition mechanism, qT [8], (3) the zeaxanthin dependent quenching, qZ [4,9], and (4) the photoinhibitory quenching, qI [10]. The discovery of the role of the xanthophyll cycle [11–13] in NPQ [14] and the identification of xanthophyll cycle mutants [15]provided a significant breakthrough in the understanding of NPQ. Since then, numerous studies supported a critical role of the xanthophyll zeaxanthin (Zx) in energy dissipation. Related to the qE mechanism, a synergistic action of Zx and the thylakoid lumen pH has been proposed [16], explaining why highest qE levels are inducible only in presence of Zx [4,17,18]. Based on titration studies under in vitro conditions, Horton and co-workers suggested that Zx shifts the pH-dependence of qE by about 1.5 pH units towards higher lumen pH [18,19]. Furthermore, Zx was shown to modulate the kinetics of NPQ induction (faster in presence of Zx) and relaxation (slower in presence of Zx) [4,20,21], and was proposed to accelerate the reorganisation/aggregation of the PSII antenna [22] that accompanies qE [16,23-26]. These characteristics led to the development of the 4 state model of qE [16,25,27], which consistently explains the modulation of qE by the lumen pH and Zx, irrespective of the underlying quenching mechanisms and quenching sites involved in qE [24,28]. Moreover, correlations of the Zx reconversion kinetics with the relaxation of the slower NPQ components qZ and qI indicate a function of Zx also in these processes [4,29-34], and Zx reconversion can be considerably down-regulated or inhibited under stress [35,36] and photoinhibiting [36,37] conditions. This gradual provided a significant breakthrough in the understanding of NPQ. Since then, numerous studies supported a critical role of the xanthophyll zeaxanthin (Zx) in energy dissipation. Related to the qE mechanism, a synergistic action of Zx and the thylakoid lumen pH has been proposed [16], explaining why highest qE levels are inducible only in presence of Zx [4,17,18]. Based on titration studies under in vitro conditions, Horton and co-workers suggested that Zx shifts the pH-dependence of qE by about 1.5 pH units towards higher lumen pH [18,19]. Furthermore, Zx was shown to modulate the kinetics of NPQ induction (faster in presence of Zx) and relaxation (slower in presence of Zx) [4,20,21], and was proposed to accelerate the reorganisation/aggregation of the PSII antenna [22] that accompanies qE [16,23-26]. These characteristics led to the development of the 4 state model of qE [16,25,27], which consistently explains the modulation of qE by the lumen pH and Zx, irrespective of the underlying quenching mechanisms and quenching sites involved in qE [24,28]. Moreover, correlations of the Zx reconversion kinetics with the relaxation of the slower NPQ components qZ and qI indicate a function of Zx also in these processes [4,29-34], and Zx reconversion can be considerably down-regulated or inhibited under stress [35,36] and photoinhibiting [36,37] conditions. This gradualdown-regulation of Zx epoxidation in response to different light stress conditions thus allows the light stress-specific adjustment of the time of Zx accumulation, and hence the modulation of the NPQ response in dependence of previous light stress, over the full time range from minutes to days or weeks [37]. It should be noted, however, that the accumulation of Zx in parallel with the activation of the different NPQ mechanisms (qE, qZ and qI) does not necessarily imply a direct role of Zx in quenching, but could simply reflect the modulation of the efficiency of quenching or a general photoprotective effect of Zx in the membrane [38]. Plants can thus store information about the illumination history to optimise their photosynthetic performance, simultaneously avoiding damaging effects of over-excitation, and Zx seems to play a crucial role for such a memory effect [28,39,40].
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کلمات کلیدی:
A universal mathematical model of non-photochemical quenching to ... https://www.semanticscholar.org/.../c74b7aa60d20cd606d4ab2a7874f2b1880f872a2 We demonstrate that a basic mechanism of short-term light memory, which is ... of non-photochemical quenching to study short-term light memory in plants. . Simulations of a short-term light memory. Simulated response ... https://www.researchgate.net/.../284912234_fig3_Figure-4-Simulations-of-a-short-ter... To test if there exists a short-term light memory that improves environmental fitness ... of non-photochemical quenching to study short-termlight memory in plants. Can a Plant Remember? This One Seems to—Here's the Evidence ... phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/.../can-a-plant-remember-this-one-seems-to-here... Dec 15, 2015 - Six inches, however, is too short a distance to do harm, so what Gagliano ... Or, to put it another way: Could a plant use memory to change its behavior? ... In other words, plants seemed to figure out that falling this way wasn't going .... And in the Botany of Desire one guy was doing a study in which bacteria ... Mimosa Plants Have Long Term Memory, Can Learn, Biologists Say ... www.sci-news.com/biology/science-mimosa-plants-memory-01695.html Jan 16, 2014 - Study: Diesel Vehicles Produce 50% More Nitrogen Oxide than Originally Thought · Graecopithecus freybergi: ... Mimosa pudica is known as the Sensitive plant or a touch-me-not. ... They trained Mimosa's short- and long-term memories under both high and low-light environments by repeatedly dropping ... The Intelligent Plant - The New Yorker www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/12/23/the-intelligent-plant Dec 23, 2013 - In one experiment designed to test plant memory, Backster found that a plant ... research on plant behavior as scientists became wary of any studies that ... optimally respond to so many environmental variables—light, water, gravity, ... “Yes, plants have both short- and long-term electrical signalling, and they ... Universität Düsseldorf: Publications Jahns www.photosynthesis.hhu.de/en/publications/publications-jahns.html Matuszynska AB, Heidari S, Jahns P and Ebenhöh O (2016) A mathematical model of non-photochemical quenching to study short-term light memory in plants, ... Study shows plants appear able to forget memories when they are not ... https://phys.org › Biology › Plants & Animals Feb 22, 2016 - The team notes too that some plants also appear to have a type of short-term memory that is not related to either DNA or RNA, but thus far it is ...
