دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تحلیل perineuronal از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
یک روش استاندارد و خودکار از تجزیه و تحلیل خالص perineuronal با استفاده از شدت رنگ اگگلوتینین ویستریا فلوریبوندا
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
A standardized and automated method of perineuronal net analysis using Wisteria floribunda agglutinin staining intensity
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are unique aggregations of extracellular matrix (ECM) that surround a subset of neurons in the brain and are commonly labeled with the plant lectin Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA); (Hartig et al., 1992). Recently, there has there been intense focus on the role of PNNs in normal brain function, such as critical period development and learning and memory, and in many disorders or pathologies, such as recovery from nerve damage, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, fear memory, and drug addiction (Pizzorusso et al., 2002; Galtrey et al., 2007; Fawcett, 2009; Gogolla et al., 2009; Mauney et al., 2013; Xue et al., 2014; Slaker et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2015; Yutsudo and Kitagawa, 2015). The reason for this focus on PNNs in recent years is the centralizing and exciting concept that PNNs limit plasticity in adulthood and that they can be degraded to reinstate juvenile-like states of plasticity to produce axon sprouting and regeneration of function in damaged neurons. As such, PNNs play key roles in neural development, synaptogenesis, neuroprotection, and experience-dependent synaptic plasticity (Celio et al., 1998; Dityatev and Schachner, 2003; McRae and Porter, 2012; Soleman et al., 2013; Suttkus et al., 2016). An increasing number of studies examining the contribution of PNNs to various behaviors and types of plasticity have analyzed the fluorescence intensity of WFA as an indirect measure of the maturity of PNNs e with mature PNNs labeled with more intense WFA stain and immature PNNs labeled with less intense WFA stain (Foscarin et al., 2011; Cabungcal et al., 2013a, 2013b; Carulli et al., 2013; Happel et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2015; Slaker et al., 2015; Vazquez-Sanroman et al., 2015a; 2015b). While WFA intensity is important for formulating experiments and interpreting the findings, the method by which WFA intensity is measured and analyzed has been inconsistent across studies. Some studies have used semiquantitative methods to examine relative intensity changes, but these studies lack measures of individual PNNs (Wang et al., 2011;Deak et al., 2012; Yamada and Jinno, 2013; Racz et al., 2014; Kecskes et al., 2015). Other studies examine changes in individual PNNs by averaging the intensity of 15 pixels within a given PNN around the soma (Foscarin et al., 2011; Carulli et al., 2013; Vazquez-Sanroman et al., 2015a), and others have not included details in the methodology (Chen et al., 2015). The diversity of analyses within this relatively young, but rapidly growing area of study makes it difficult to compare analyses across studies that have identified important changes in PNN staining intensity. Here, we provide evidence that creating a region of interest (ROI) surrounding each PNN within a field and conducting adequate background subtraction is a reproducible and consistent method to measure WFA staining intensity. Additionally, this method has been automated, which can increase the speed of analysis by 100-fold.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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