دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین الکترومغناطیس پالسی بر فعالیت آنزیم از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
نقش الکترومغناطیس پالسی بر فعالیت آنزیم، جوانه زنی، رشد و عملکرد گیاه گندم دوروم
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Role of pulsed electromagnetic field on enzyme activity, germination, plant growth and yield of durum wheat
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Investigation of magnetic field's influence on plant growth has started to develop rapidly during the last decades. Encouraging results indicated that magnetic field could enhance some plant functions. The use of magnetic field on seeds as a priming technique is getting more and more familiar among researchers (Bhardwaj et al., 2012). The existence of earth's magnetic field is known to mankind since ancient times, through the discovery of the ability of the mineral magnetite to be oriented in the direction North – South when freely suspended above the earth (Stavroulakis, 2003). But despite the fact that it has always been one of the key features of the environment, until recently the study of the effect of the magnetic field in agronomic science was absent. Each region is characterized by a number of abiotic factors (water, air, soil, temperature) including the magnetic field. However, for many years, the magnetic field of earth constituted as an invariable parameter of the environment that was not taken into account in plant studies (Katsenios, 2013). The father of bio-electromagnetism is Hippocrates, who first tried to cure breast cancer by exposure of the sun's electromagnetic radiation (therapy by the sun's rays). About 2000 years later, during the 18th century, Luigi Galvani tried to treat tumors, aneurysms and hemorrhages by applying electricity to tissues. In 1840, Recamier and Pravaz provided a method of destroying the cancer cells in the uterus through the use of electricity, which soon became common practice (Stavroulakis, 2003). Different types of plant materials (seeds, seedlings, young plants and cuttings) have been used. These plant materials have been treated with different types of magnetic field. (Florez et al., 2007; Hajnorouzi et al., 2011). More particularly, in order to study the effects on plants, various types of magnetic fields have been used (static, electromagnetic, pulsed electromagnetic), in different intensities and exposure duration (Poinapen et al., 2013; Aguilar et al., 2009; Bilalis et al., 2012a, Radhakrishnan and Kumari, 2012). Regarding exposure time, it varies from 15 s (Muszynski et al., 2009) to 24 h (Martínez et al., 2009). Many experiments have been done with cereal grains (Torres et al., 2008; Vashisth and Nagarajan, 2008; 2010), legumes (Podlesny et al., 2004; 2005; De Souza et al. 2006; Odhiambo et al., 2009;), and perennials (Çelik et al., 2008; Dardeniz et al., 2006; Dhawi and Al-Khayri, 2009). Investigations in various plant species showed a positive effect of the magnetic field on seed germination (Bhardwaj et al., 2012), plant development in the early stages (De Souza et al., 2014) and ultimately yield (Vashisth et al., 2013). Magnetic field has been found to improve the growth of plants, such as tomatoes (De Souza et al., 2006), the germination and the early stages of growth in plants such as sunflower (Vashisth and Nagarajan, 2010) and soybean (Radhakrishnan and Kumari, 2012). Moreover, researchers report the increase of the root system in young maize seedlings (Muraji et al., 1998). Animal experiments have shown that short duration PEMF seem to facilitate and improve the quality of skin wound healing in rats (Athanasiou et al., 2007). The enhancement of plant growth parameters is absolutely desirable in modern and organic agriculture, since it can be achieved through the use of an environmentally friendly method, which is also inexpensive. It is worth noting that many researchers have focused their efforts on the use of magnetic field as a presowing technique, as it is an inexpensive, environmentally friendly technique, which can be applied with relative ease (Vashisth and Nagarajan, 2010). Magnetic field treatment on seeds has been found to increase the activity of hydrolytic enzymes such as amylases in sunflower (Vashisth and Nagarajan, 2010). In cucumber, magnetic field treated seeds showed higher activity of β-amylase and finally increased the rate of germination compared to control (Bhardwaj et al., 2012). The increase of enzyme activity could be a primary positive effect of magnetic field treatment that subsequently leads to higher germination percentage, plant growth and yield. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of magnetic field exposure on durum wheat seeds, covering a complete range of agronomic characteristics such as germination, tillering, dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and yield. The activity of α- amylase was investigated to explain the increase of germination of durum wheat seeds. Our purpose was to have replicable results in a three-year period.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Activity and Structure of Pepsin ... pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf049183p by R Yang - 2004 - Cited by 67 - Related articles Oct 28, 2004 - The relative residual activity of PEF-treated pepsin was correlated to the .... Effect of pulsed electric field treatment on enzyme kinetics and ... Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Activity of Enzymes in Aqueous ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb06323.x/abstract by RJ Yang - 2004 - Cited by 82 - Related articles Abstract. ABSTRACT: A group of selected enzymes were subjected to continuous pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments to evaluate the inactivation effect of PEF. Effects of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Treatment on Enhancing Activity ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26897374 by ML Tian - 2016 - Cited by 1 - Related articles Effects of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Treatment on Enhancing Activity and ... for enzymatic modification, effects of PEF treatment on the enzymatic activity, ... [PDF]Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Activity of Enzymes ... - UC ANR ucanr.edu/datastoreFiles/608-486.pdf by RJ YANG - 2004 - Cited by 82 - Related articles Enzyme activity of polyphenol oxidase decreased 38.2% when treated at ... Keywords: pulsed electric fields, enzyme inactivation, field strength, total treatment ... The therapeutic effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the ... www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322011000700020 by S Kumar - 2011 - Cited by 37 - Related articles However, pulsed electromagnetic field exposure relieves the effect of microwave ... associated with elevated activities of certain key enzymes, including creatine ... Pulsed Electric Fields in Food Processing: Fundamental Aspects and ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1420015109 Gustavo V. Barbosa-Canovas, Q. Howard Zhang - 2001 - Technology & Engineering H. W. YEOM Q. H. ZHANG HIGH voltage pulsed electric field (PEF) systems have been ... Electrohydraulic treated buffer had no effect on the enzyme activity.
