دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین اسید آمینه غیرضروری در سرطان سینه از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
متابولیسم اسید آمینه غیرضروری در سرطان سینه
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Nonessential amino acid metabolism in breast cancer
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women, and despite the development of new therapies there has been little decline in the mortality rate over the past decade (Siegel et al., 2015). This is partly due to the genetic diversity of breast cancers, such that there is no single therapy that is effective against all breast cancer subtypes. Breast cancers are commonly grouped by their hormone receptor status or specific mutations, in genes such as BRCA1/2 and PIK3CA, which can be used as biomarkers to predict the most efficacious targeted therapy for a breast cancer case (McCubrey et al., 2015, 2014). However, many breast cancers do not contain a single, targetable driver mutation, and targeted therapies are unlikely to eliminate all breast cancer cells due to tumor heterogeneity. Recently, new interest in studying the relationship between cancer and metabolism has arisen as a potential avenue to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets effective across multiple breast cancer subtypes. Cancer metabolism is not a new field; Otto Warburg's pioneering research first described the increased levels of aerobic glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation for energy production in cancer cells, since termed the “Warburg Effect” (Warburg, 1956). Since this discovery, glycolysis has been heavily explored in the context of cancer, resulting in the development of drugs that target glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, some of which are in clinical trials (Granchi et al., 2014; Kim, 2015; Ngo et al., 2015; Talekar et al., 2014). Other metabolic pathways have also been implicated in cancer, particularly folate metabolism, evidenced by the use of the antifolates methotrexate and pemetrexed as a frontline chemotherapies in multiple cancers, including breast cancer (Amelio et al., 2014). A potentially more efficacious strategy is metabolic starvation therapy, by removing or limiting the availability of a specific metabolite, as this has the potential to be less toxic to patients than chemotherapy or radiation (Changou et al., 2014). Nonessential amino acids are especially promising metabolites for starvation therapy. They can be synthesized by normal cells and thus an extracellular source is not required for their health, while many tumor cells require an external supply of nonessential amino acids (Morris, 2009; Souba, 1993). This difference can be utilized to selectively inhibit tumor cell growth by the removal of specific amino acids. Amino acids may also serve as useful biomarkers for diagnosis as well as screening during treatment, since they can be easily measured in blood, saliva, and urine (Budczies et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2015). Recently, amino acid profiling of saliva from breast cancer patients identified fifteen amino acids with significantly changed levels between breast cancer patients and healthy controls, and which could serve as biomarkers for early detection and breast cancer diagnosis (Cheng et al., 2015). This review summarizes four metabolic pathways for nonessential amino acids, focusing on their potential for applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer treatment. The glutamineeglutamate and serineeglycine pathways have been well-studied in the past decade, whereas cysteine and arginineeproline metabolism have become the focus of more recent studies. The review concludes with an assessment of the field and understudied areas that may be valuable for the treatment of breast cancer.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Nonessential Amino Acid Metabolism in Breast Cancer - Journals - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/articles/26838061/ Jan 21, 2016 - Abstract. Interest in studying cancer metabolism has risen in recent years, as it has become evident that the relationship between cancer and ... Nonessential Amino Acid Metabolism in Breast Cancer - ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/.../291418826_Nonessential_Amino_Acid_Metabolism_in... Nonessential Amino Acid Metabolism in Breast Cancer on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. [PDF]Nonessential amino acid metabolism in breast cancer iranarze.ir/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/E2021.pdf Jan 21, 2016 - Breast cancer. Amino acid. Tumor metabolism. Cancer therapy. a b s t r a c t. Interest in studying cancer metabolism has risen in recent years, ... Metabolic signatures of human breast cancer: Molecular & Cellular ... www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/23723556.2014.992217 by P Mishra - 2015 - Cited by 11 - Related articles Jump to Lipid Metabolism is a Driver of Disease Pathogenesis - Breast tumors, like most cancers, develop a lipogenic ... lipid metabolism in breast cancer ... Tumor-dependent increase of serum amino acid levels in breast ... https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1479-5876-11-290 by I Poschke - 2013 - Cited by 23 - Related articles Nov 16, 2013 - Breast cancer Serum amino acids Molecular subtypes Tumor immunology ... through products of amino acid catabolism, e.g. via the IDO-GCN2, ... From Krebs to clinic: glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy : Nature ... www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v16/n10/full/nrc.2016.71.html by BJ Altman - 2016 - Cited by 48 - Related articles Jul 29, 2016 - Because oncogenic alterations of metabolism render cancer cells addicted .... Circulating glutamine is the most abundant amino acid (~500 μM), making ..... cell and tumour types, including neuroblastoma and breast cancer. Plasma-free amino acid profiles are predictors of cancer and diabetes ... www.nature.com › Journal home › Current issue › March 13 2017 by X Bi - 2017 Mar 13, 2017 - Among the numerous metabolites, amino acids may have potential .... of amino acid levels, that is, Orn, Glu and Trp in breast cancer patients, ... Searches related to amino acid metabolism in breast cancer amino acids and cancer treatment amino acids and prostate cancer amino acids cause cancer amino oncology amino acids and breast cancer lysine and cancer glutamine cancer leucine
