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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اثرات متقابل آمفتامین حاد و مزمن در Nurr1 و NF-kB P65 بر ناحیه تگمنتوم شکمی موش صحرایی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Opposite effects of acute and chronic amphetamine on Nurr1 and NF-κB p65 in the rat ventral tegmental area
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Drug addiction is one of the most serious public health problems that remain unresolved (Koob et al., 2010). There are different drugs of abuse, but all have a common target pathway: the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, whose neurons arises in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Di Chiara and Imperato, 1988; Pierce and Kumaresan, 2006; Lüscher and Malenka, 2011). The psychostimulants cocaine and amphetamine raise dopamine extracellular levels with the dopamine transporter (DAT) as the molecular target. Cocaine acts as a competitive inhibitor of DAT, displacing dopamine while amphetamine operates as substrate, reverting DAT flow (Sulzer, 2011). The nuclear receptor Nurr1 is crucial for the origin and survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and its expression is required from embryo to adult stages (Zetterström et al., 1997; Saucedo-Cárdenas et al., 1998; Perlmann and Wallén-Mackenzie, 2004; Kadkhodaei et al., 2009). This transcription factor is an immediate early gene that regulates the expression of key dopaminergic genes like tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (Sakurada et al., 1999; Kim et al., 2003) and DAT (Sacchetti et al., 2001). Nurr1 is broadly expressed in TH-positive dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain (Bäckman et al., 1999). Bannon et al. (2002) demonstrated that Nurr1 mRNA levels are decreased in dopaminergic neurons of human cocaine abusers. Later, they also showed that cocaine abusers have lower levels of mRNA for Pitx3, another transcription factor associated with Nurr1 in dopaminergic specification (Bannon et al., 2004). Heroin, another highly addictive drug, also decreases Nurr1 level in the midbrain of human abusers (Horvath et al., 2007). The reduction in Nurr1 levels after repeated drug consumption has also been observed in animal models. Chronic cocaine (Leo et al., 2007) and methamphetamine (Krasnova et al., 2011) administration reduces Nurr1 levels in rat midbrain. On the other side, mice with reduced Nurr1 levels exhibit a different behavior in response to drugs of abuse. Mice with a heterozygous deletion of Nurr1 has decreased ethanol preference (Werme et al., 2003). In addition, Nurr1 heterozygous mice show increased vulnerability to neurodegeneration after long-term methamphetamine exposure (Luo et al., 2010) and altered dopamine neurotransmission after combined exposure to amphetamine and social isolation (Moore et al., 2008), indicating that Nurr1 levels in dopamine neurons may protect against the harmful effects of drugs of abuse
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کلمات کلیدی:
Effects of Acute and Chronic Amphetamine ... - Wiley Online Library onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1971.tb00606.x/pdf by T Lewander - 1971 - Cited by 24 - Related articles Effects of Acute and Chronic Amphetamine Intoxication on Brain Catecholamines in the Guinea Pig". BY. Tommy Lewander. (Received September 9, 1970). Brain transcription factor expression: effects of acute and chronic ... www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169328X93901134 by AM Persico - 1993 - Cited by 118 - Related articles Amphetamine influences behaviors and the expression of transcription factor genes in the central nervous system (CNS). A single d-amphetamine dose (7.5 ... Opposing effects of acute and chronic d-amphetamine on decision ... www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452216300860 by SA Wong - 2016 - Related articles Apr 23, 2016 - Amphetamine and other drugs of abuse have both short-term and long-lasting effects on brain function, and drug sensitization paradigms often ... Amphetamine Effects – Short-Term and Long-Term Use drugabuse.com/library/the-effects-of-amphetamine-use/ Amphetamines, such as Adderall, have legitimate use but can be addictive and harmful when abused or misused. Brain transcription factor expression: effects of acute and chronic ... https://bio.as.uky.edu/brain-transcription-factor-expression-effects-acute-and-chronic-... Brain transcription factor expression: effects of acute and chronic amphetamine and injection stress. Share this page: Interim Department Chair; Professor. Searches related to effects of acute and chronic amphetamine what are the acute effects of depressant (barbiturate) use? one adverse consequence from a kindling effect is the potential for brain seizures. the "kindling" effect is essentially a reverse tolerance effect. adderall neurotoxicity symptoms the rewarding experience of many addictive drugs is thought to involve which neurotransmitter? long term effects of adderall in adults vyvanse neurotoxicity long term effects of vyvanse on the brain
