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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تاثیر تنوع سالانه آب و هوا در وفور گیاهان آبگیر بهاری و ترکیب اجتماع
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Influences of annual weather variability on vernal pool plant abundance and community composition
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Vernal pools, which are also referred to as temporary ponds or ephemeral wetlands, are seasonal wetlands commonly found in Mediterranean climates throughout the world (Keeley and Zedler, 1998; Deil, 2005; Williams, 2006; Collinge and Ray, 2009; Fraga i Arguimbau, 2009). These ecosystems typically experience distinct and reoccurring wet and dry phases, often on an annual cycle. The flora in vernal pools consists largely of annual plant species that germinate during the wet phase and reproduce during the dry phase (Deil, 2005). For example, during the wet winter months, vernal pools in California fill with precipitation and flood. The winter rains cue seeds to germinate and produce seedlings that grow and develop under inundation (Keeley and Zedler, 1998; Collinge and Ray, 2009). As winter rains gradually subside and temperatures begin to increase, water evaporates from the pools in the spring and the predominately annual plants quickly develop, flower, and disperse their seeds prior to or during the summer-autumn dry phase (Collinge and Ray, 2009). The seeds remain in the seed bank throughout the dry months, a mechanism which facilitates propagule survival during unfavorable conditions (Zedler, 2003; Faist et al., 2013), and the vegetative life cycle begins anew with the onset of the winter rains. Vernal pools provide an array of ecosystem services (McGreavy et al., 2012). Vernal pools act as basins for retaining floodwaters, help recycle nutrients while sequestering toxins, and promote the renewal of ground water (Rhazi et al., 2012). Vernal pools are also home to and support a wide range of endemic flora and fauna. For instance, California’s vernal pool communities are made up of over 60 endemic taxa of animals and plants—many of which are rare or in danger of extinction (Croel and Kneitel, 2011). Despite their ecological value, vernal pools are declining across the globe (Rhazi et al., 2012). In the Central Valley of California in particular, 60–85% of the vernal pools have been destroyed since the mid to late 1800s (King, 1998). Two major threats linked to the degradation of vernal pools are well documented: habitat loss and species invasions. In recent years, agricultural development in the Central Valley has surpassed urbanization as the lead cause of vernal pool habitat loss. Much of this development is due to agricultural shifts from traditional field crops like grains to higher priced crops produced in orchards and vineyards (Sleeter, 2008; AECOM, 2009). Of the remaining vernal pools, invasion by nonnative species has resulted in significant declines in vernal pool native plant communities. Reports indicate that invasive plants have been observed encroaching into Central Valley vernal pools (Pollak and Kan, 1998; Collinge et al., 2011). The third, often overlooked, factor that may contribute to shifts invernalpoolplant abundance andcompositionis increasedannual weather variability, potentially resulting from climate change. Plant species around the world are responding to climate change by undergoing range shifts (changes in distribution) and phenological shifts (Walther et al., 2002; Parmesan and Yohe, 2003). Yet despite these general trends, little is known about how plant species found within vernal pools may respond to the changes brought about by climate change. Climate change is projected to result in temperature and precipitation shifts in the Central Valley (Hayhoea et al., 2004; Cayan et al., 2009). Water is a vital element to vernal pool communities and many vernal pools are entirely dependent upon precipitation as the sole source of water (Jokerst, 1990). Year to year precipitation fluctuations often resultin different plant community compositions (Bauder, 2005). Because vernal pool plant communities depend upon inundation, climate change may act as a threat to their persistence (Pyke, 2005) and may increase the risk of extinction for many threatened or endangered vernal pool obligate plant species (Bauder, 2005).
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کلمات کلیدی:
PDF]Climate Variability Structures Plant Community Dynamics in ... - MDPI www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/9/3/209/pdf by DE Chapple - 2017 Mar 13, 2017 - understand the influence of weather variability on plant community dynamics, we .... marsh species [30], increased abundance of salt sensitive species ...... Composition in Constructed Versus Naturally Occurring Vernal Pools. The effects of an unpredictable precipitation regime on vernal pool ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01471.x/abstract by ET BAUDER - 2005 - Cited by 88 - Related articles Nov 2, 2005 - They are known for their numerous narrowly endemic plant and animal species, ... Basin microtopography interacted with climatic variability to determine the nature and ... Changes in climate, the mound-and-depression landscape or pool ... of annual weather variability on vernal pool plant abundance and ... Collinge Lab » Vernal Pools www.collingelab.com/research/vernal-pools/ As spatially discrete habitats, vernal pools are especially well suited to field .... Influences of annual weather variability on vernal pool plant abundance and ... [PDF]Vernal Pools and Swales - California Climate Commons climate.calcommons.org/sites/default/files/basic/Vernal%20Pools%20VA.pdf factors can fragment and destroy habitat, alter hydrology, and can affect gene flow. ... Vernal pools and swales support a diversity of plant, invertebrate, vertebrate and bird ...... variability in vernal pool plants (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2005). .... In addition, the high abundance of annual species facilitates adaptation to ... Weather-related effects on woodland vernal pool ... - US Forest Service https://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/other.../ne_2004brooks01.pdf by RT Brooks - 2004 - Cited by 107 - Related articles and support an abundant and diverse macroinvertebrate fauna. Vernal pool ... Annual variation in pool hydroperiod is presumed to .... The overstory vegetation of the catchments of ... the potential effects of climate change on vernal pool. [PDF]California vernal pool endemic responses to hydroperiod, plant thatch ... www.csus.edu/envs/news/apr20StudentPaperHydrobiologia-RosasSaenz-Nerida.pdf Mar 15, 2017 - greatly affect California vernal pools (Smith et al.,. 1999; Kneitel & Lessin, 2010; .... collected and included typical native and exotic plants from vernal pools. ..... of annual weather variability on vernal pool plant abundance and.
