دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین HTO رویکرد ارگونومی مکمل از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
HTO رویکرد ارگونومی مکمل
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
HTO e A complementary ergonomics approach
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
As the aim of the human factors and ergonomics discipline is to provide safety, well-being and systems performance, it necessarily includes a mix of knowledge from fields such as engineering, medicine and behavioural sciences. Therefore, the discipline provides a strong basis for analysing, designing and creating highquality work situations for the individual as well as beneficial systems performance in operations of different kinds. At the same time, because the discipline is broad, there is a risk that the focus and the content are perceived as unclear and superficial. This makes it difficult to communicate its potential value to different stakeholders, and difficult to promote the education of human factors and ergonomics specialists, as pointed out by Dul et al. (2012). These dilemmas are discussed within the human factors and ergonomics scientific society. They are further discussed in the Applied Ergonomics special issue ‘Systems Ergonomics/Human Factors’, where Wilson (2014) argues that the focus should be on the interaction between the systems' components rather than on the components themselves. Hollnagel (2014) claims in a corresponding way that there should be an emphasis on what the system does rather than what it is. This suggests the idea of a dynamic system in which there are ongoing activities that continue to transform the system itself. These properties are highly important characteristics for identifying and communicating the human factors and ergonomics (HFE) discipline. Consequently, systems orientation is inherent within the HFE discipline, which to a great extent originates from the socio-technical systems theory (e.g. Wilson, 2000; Noy et al., 2015). The socio-technical systems theory focuses on the interactive interdependent influences of social and technological factors shaping how work is performed. As stated by Hollnagel: ‘The idea of a socio-technical system is that the conditions for successful organizational performance e and conversely also for unsuccessful performance e are created by the interaction between social and technical factors’ (2009, p. 19). The Swedish human-technology-organization (HTO) concept was established in the nuclear power industry, as described below. The concept is based on a systems view and emphasizes interactions and interdependencies between the three included elements. The HTO concept has been used and elaborated by researchers and practitioners and by the authors of this paper. It is a useful approach for the application of human factors and ergonomics as well as an approach for understanding complex systems (Carayon, 2006). The aim of this paper is to further describe the HTO concept, its background and basis, and to demonstrate how it can support the understanding, communication and development of the system character of human factors and ergonomics. Empirical examples from the authors’ experiences of working with the HTO concept in R&D and teaching are used to exemplify the potential for using the HTO concept in a number of ways. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the development of the human factors and ergonomics fields. In Section 3, the development and characteristics of the HTO concept are elaborated. Section 4 presents the authors’ experiences of working with the HTO concept in different settings in research, development and teaching. Finally, the benefits and disadvantages of the HTO concept are discussed and concluded in Sections 5 and 6.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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