دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین گفتمان علمی سیستم نوآوری از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
مقایسه گفتمان عمومی و علمی در زمینه سیستم های نوآوری
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Comparing public and scientific discourse in the context of innovation systems
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Foundations
This chapter points out the meaning of innovation, foresight, and innovation systems, with a focus on mass media and its impact on innovation and change. 2.1. Innovation system and foresight Innovation and change are an outcome of systemic interaction. This non-linear process includes many feedback loops and is considered in its national (Freeman, 1987), regional (Cooke, 2001), sectoral (Malerba, 2002), and technological contexts (Bergek et al., 2008). Definitions of innovation systems highlight how the interplay of institutions influences technology and innovation (Freeman, 1987) and innovation systems are described as “[…] all important economic, social, political, organizational, institutional, and other factors that influence the development, diffusion, and use of innovations (Edquist, 1997)”. These definitions emphasize the role of diffusion and interaction; therefore, the dynamics of these systems are most important. Among others, Hekkert et al. (2007) describe functions of innovation systems to measure system performance and dynamic interactions. These functions, such as knowledge diffusion or market formation, are important in assessing the performance of the system. On the other hand, understanding innovation systems and their dynamics and architecture is most relevant for future planning activities due to the close association between foresight, policy planning, and the performance of innovation systems (Alkemade et al., 2007). In this article, foresight is defined as a structured discourse about possible and plausible futures involving the relevant stakeholders. One of the basic assumptions underlying foresight is that the future is not predictable. However, thinking about possible future developments and related consequences may influence the present decisions that affect our future. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of current (technological) developments and their spread and societal acceptance is crucial. In principle, future technology analysis (FTA) and foresight can assist in reorienting and improving innovation systems and bringing together different stakeholders and actors (e.g., Martin and Johnston, 1999). Aligning innovation system functions with FTA, the contribution of FTA (related to innovation policy) lays in “[…] providing safe spaces for new ideas to emerge and existing knowledge to be combined in novel ways (Cagnin et al., 2012)”. This leads to a better understanding of future challenges and broadening of the knowledge base in decision making. Therefore, foresight may also serve as a framework for analysis. Apart from the debate on contributions of foresight to the analysis of the innovation system, the argument to consider foresight as a systemic process is strengthened. As Andersen and Andersen (2014) point out, foresight requires a systemic understanding because, otherwise, the impact of foresight is limited due to its weak conceptual understanding. So the context (innovation system) and the current dynamics should be taken into consideration for meaningful foresight.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Viewers Like You: How Public TV Failed the People https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0231529317 Laurie Oullette - 2012 - Performing Arts Comparing public television's quest to cultivate across children's programming ... democracy” via public television drew from social scientific discourse, including ... Science to the rescue or contingent progress? Comparing 10 years of ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28490253 by M Smallman - 2017 Comparing 10 years of public, expert and policy discourses on new and ... numerous public debates on new and emerging science and technologies have taken ... Scientific discourse 2.0. Will your next poster session be in Second ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC) by ST Huang - 2008 - Cited by 30 - Related articles Both the scientific discourse and progress would be likely to benefit from the input of ... as virtual emergency public health situation rooms to train personnel in the ... Scientists might not be comfortable using such information compared with ... Searches related to Comparing public and scientific discourse public understanding of science definition public understanding of science pdf why is public understanding of science important the public understanding of science public understanding of science and technology public awareness of science bodmer report science communication
