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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
دگرگونی خط سیر در حفاظت کود نیتروژن و عرضه در خاک تیمار شده با دی سیان دی آمید، هیدروکینون و گلوکز
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Alterations of pathways in fertilizer N conservation and supply in soils treated with dicyandiamide, hydroquinone and glucose
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Nitrogen (N) occupies a unique position among the elements essential for plant growth because of the rather large amount required by most agricultural crops (Fageria and Baligar, 2005). Agricultural systems thus rely heavily on synthetic N to meet the N requirements of plants (Ma et al., 2012). The combined N in soil is largely converted into organic forms by microbial immobilization or fixed by mineral materials, which can prevent N losses and significantly influence the subsequent availability of conserved N (Liu et al.,2008;Sugihara etal.,2012).Therefore, clarification ofthese processes is necessary to maximize N use efficiency and minimize environmental pollution (Nieder et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2011). Some of the fertilizer N applied to a crop–soil system is rapidly incorporated into soil microbial biomass, thereby conserving fertilizer N temporarily, especially when the timing of organic carbon (C) amendment is appropriate (Sugihara et al., 2012). Several investigations focused on the importance of soil microbial * Corresponding author. biomass N (SMBN) and its beneficial role in agricultural production(Nannipieri and Paul, 2009; Singh et al., 2011). However, a great portion of microbial-immobilized N can transform into soil microbial necromass N (SMNN, including microbial metabolites and residues), which contributes to soil organic matter formation (Fan and Liang, 2015; Miltner et al., 2012). The long turnover time of SMNN results in the temporary decline of N availability and even in the reduction of crop yield (Liang and Balser, 2011; Rutherford and Juma, 1992). This phenomenon is a particular challenge for organic farming, where large quantities of organic substrates probably return and the inorganic N supply of the system heavily depends on microbial net N mineralization in soil (Stevenson, 1982). In addition to microbial immobilization, applied-NH4 + can be fixed rapidly by soil minerals, especially for soil rich in 2:1 clay minerals (Nieder et al., 2011). Recently fixed NH4 + has a relatively high availability and may be gradually released in the subsequent weeks or growing seasons (Lu et al., 2010; Matsuoka and Moritsuka, 2011). Moreover, NH4 + fixation/defixation reduces NH3 volatilization, declines nitrification, and subsequently decreases nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (Drury et al., 1991; San Francisco et al., 2011). Therefore, NH4 + fixation should not be considered as an entirely unfavorable reaction from the agronomic point of view. Under certain soil and climatic conditions, NH4 + fixation may prevent N losses and ensure an even supply of N throughout the growing season
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کلمات کلیدی:
Best Management Practices for Nitrogen - Nutrient Management https://plantsciences.missouri.edu/nutrientmanagement/nitrogen/practices.htm Feb 20, 2014 - Missouri crop producers use a wide range of practices to supply nitrogen to their crops. ... The BMP for timing of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications is to apply fertilizer as ... The period with the greatest risk of N loss is spring, when soils tend to be wet ..... Treatment of urea with Agrotain before broadcasting, ... South Jersey Farming - Page 34 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0738544973 Cheryl L. Baisden - 2006 - History ... subsequent leaching but also favor N conservation and BNF (Roper and Ladha 1995). ... Available research data suggest that 10-20% of the N freshly supplied through ... pathways, and 60-80% is immobilized or stored in the soil (Koyama 1981). ... Fertilizer/manure treatment Total N content in soil (kg N ha'1) Organic C ... Soil Ecology and Management - Page 178 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1845935632 Joann K. Whalen, Luis Sampedro - 2010 - Technology & Engineering Agricultural soils that receive large inputs of nitrogen-rich fertilizer are more prone to ... simple substrates and thus can rapidly deplete the NH4+ supply in soil solution. ... Inhibitors were first developed to conserve autumn-applied nitrogen fertilizer in ... Fertilizers treated with nitrification inhibitors are more expensive than ... Biotic and Abiotic Nitrogen Retention in a Variety of Forest Soils https://dl.sciencesocieties.org › Publications › Soil Science Society of America Journal by DW Johnson - 2000 - Cited by 163 - Related articles Across soil types with increasing N saturation, biotic N immobilization .... Alterations of pathways in fertilizer N conservation and supply in soils treated with ...
