دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین چند فرهنگی آسیایی در ارتباطات از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
چند فرهنگی آسیایی در ارتباطات: تاثیر فرهنگ در روابط عمومی در سنگاپور
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Asian multiculturalism in communication: Impact of culture in the practice of public relations in Singapore
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Background: why Singapore
Singapore provides an intriguing context to examine the impact of multiculturalism on PR practice. Multiculturalism in Singapore is state-sanctioned to preserve harmony among the Chinese (74.3%), Malays (13.3%), and Indians (9.1%) (Ortiga, 2014; Department of Statistics Singapore, 2015a). Even though the Chinese forms the majority, Singapore’s founding Prime Minister LeeKuanYew establishedamulticulturalnationalidentity amalgamatedfromtheChinese,Malay,Indian, and Others (CMIO) cultures (Chua, 2003; Lai, 1995) instead of construing an underlying Singaporean identity (Ortiga, 2014). Although the CMIO has been criticized as compelling Singaporeans to fit idealized characterization of their respective ethnicities, critics conceded that it was an essential element to unite a young and diverse society (Lai, 1995). Faced with globalization and capitalism, the focus shifted towards creating a hybrid ethnic-centric Singaporean identity thatpreservedtraditional cultures, andunitedSingaporeans inanetwork of sharedculture so thatthey were “better equipped to appreciate, understand, and adopt other cultures” without being conflicted (Goh, 2010). Multiculturalism thus functioned as codes for intercultural interaction established in a social setting (Goh, 2010). Consistently, the dominant national narrative propounded by leaders was that multiculturalism was not a social phenomenon endured by the ethnic majority but was politically essential (Keong, 2013) in sustaining Singapore’s sovereignty (Ortiga, 2014). In other words, racial harmony was synonymous with and required for national survival. Chua (2003), for example, argued that the government’s restrictive approach in a democracy, coupled with practical circumstantial deci- sions, resulted in “multiculturalism in practice” (p. 74) that allowed it to evade social unrest while enjoying strong economic growth (Goh, 2008). When English became the official language and mother tongues (Chinese, Malay and Tamil) were made second languages, it unified everyone as Singaporeans by allowing for the comprehension of and appreciation for other cultures (Keong, 2013) because it was a neutral language spoken and written universally. It played a strong primary role in integrating Singaporeans under the banner of multiculturalism and a secondary function in influencing its economic quality of life.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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