دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین چرخه عنصر به عنوان هموستاز استوکیومتری از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
چرخه عنصر به عنوان هموستاز استوکیومتری از میکروارگانیسم های خاک
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Element cycling as driven by stoichiometric homeostasis of soil microorganisms
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Although the microbial biomass only comprises a small proportion of organic matter in soil, it largely drives the cycling of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at the ecosystem scale (Van Der Heijden, Bardgett, & Van Straalen, 2008). One major factor that controls microbial processes is the stoichiometric relationship between microbial communities and their environment as proposed by Ecological Stoichiometry (ES). Based on the finding by Redfield (1934) that plankton maintains a stable biomass C:N:P ratio, Reiners (1986) was among the first to propose stoichiometric relationships between organisms and their environment as a general framework for ecosystem functioning. In the following decades, ES has been developed further mostly in the study of food webs and organic matter decomposition in the pelagic zone of lakes (Elser & Urabe, 1999; Sterner & Elser, 2002; Hessen, Elser, Sterner, & Urabe, 2013). ES provides a basis for predicting the cycling of several key elements and their relationshipsin ecosystems. Key processes of element cycling are explained by microorganisms, maintaining their biomass stoichiometry despite a strong mismatch between their biomass element ratio and the element ratio of their substrate. Notwithstanding the success of ES to predict processes of element cycling in aquatic ecosystem, a stoichiometric view has only recently been adopted in terrestrial ecology (Cleveland & Liptzin, 2007; Mulder & Elser, 2009; Mooshammer et al., 2012; Mulder et al., 2013; ZechmeisterBoltenstern et al., 2015). The purpose of this article is to review recent advances of ES in terrestrial ecology, showing that ES allows to integrate several key processes of element cycling beyond decomposition and provides a framework for predicting the cycling of several key elements. For the sake of brevity, the article is restricted to processes performed by non-mycorrhizal soil microorganisms. The basis of ES is the concept of stoichiometric homeostasis, which refers to the property of an organism to keep its biomass element ratio relatively stable independently of its substrate. The soil microbial biomass, which is defined as the biomass of the soil microbial community (fungi, bacteria, archaea and protozoa), has a relatively well constrained C:N:P ratio, similar to the Redfield ratio found in planktonic biomass(Redfield, 1934) in a range between 60:7:1 and 42:6:1 (Cleveland & Liptzin, 2007; Xu, Thornton, & Post, 2013). Slight shifts in the microbial biomass stoichiometry can be caused, first, by changes in the microbial community composition (Fanin, Fromin, Buatois, & Hättenschwiler, 2013; Tischer, Potthast, & Hamer, 2014; Heuck, Weig, & Spohn, 2015), and second, by storage of C and P present in excess with respect to the microbial demands (Hessen & Anderson, 2008; Mooshammer, Wanek, ZechmeisterBoltenstern, & Richter, 2014). Yet, despite some variation, microbial biomass element ratios are relatively constrained, especially compared to the ratio of elementsthat are bioavailable in soil. Terrestrial decomposer communities grow on a wide range of substrates, which rarely ever meet their nutritional demands in terms of stoichiometry. For example, the litter in temperate coniferous forests has an average molar C:P ratio of 2350 (McGroddy, Daufresne, & Hedin, 2004), whereas the average molar C:P ratio of the soil microbial biomass is 60 (Cleveland & Liptzin, 2007). Likewise, the C:N ratio of the soil microbial biomass amounts to about 7 (Cleveland & Liptzin, 2007), whereas the average C:N ratio is 88 in temperate coniferous forest litter (McGroddy et al., 2004). Given these large differences between substrate and decomposer biomass stoichiometry, how do microbes maintain their biomass stoichiometry, and how does this affect element cycling at the ecosystem scale? In this short review of recent advances to answer these two questions, I propose to differentiate between two kinds of processes by which microorganisms maintain their biomass stoichiometry; on the one hand processes of element acquisition, and on the other hand element partitioning and turnover of elementsin themicrobial biomass pool(Fig. 1). Soilmicrobial communities maintain their biomass stoichiometry (i) by adjusting the rates of processes of element acquisition in order to acquire missing elements and (ii) by adjusting element partitioning and element turnover timesin the microbial biomass to ratios of available elements. Both types of processes strongly affect element cycling at the ecosystem scale.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Linking Stoichiometric Homeostasis of Microorganisms with Soil ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC) by H Wang - 2014 - Cited by 1 - Related articles Jan 27, 2014 - Linking Stoichiometric Homeostasis of Microorganisms with Soil Phosphorus Dynamics in Wetlands Subjected to Microcosm Warming. Element cycling as driven by stoichiometric homeostasis of soil ... https://www.researchgate.net/.../303465528_Element_cycling_as_driven_by_stoichiome... Element cycling as driven by stoichiometric homeostasis of soil microorganisms on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. [PDF]Element cycling as driven by stoichiometric homeostasis of soil ... iranarze.ir/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/E393.pdf Element cycling as driven by stoichiometric homeostasis of soil microorganisms. Marie Spohn. ∗. Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and ... Ecological stoichiometry - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_stoichiometry Ecological stoichiometry considers how the balance of energy and elements affects and is affected by organisms and their interactions in ecosystems. Ecological ... Linking Stoichiometric Homeostasis of Microorganisms with Soil ... www.academia.edu/.../Linking_Stoichiometric_Homeostasis_of_Microorganisms_wit... Linking Stoichiometric Homeostasis of Microorganisms with Soil Phosphorus Dynamics in Wetlands Subjected to Microcosm Warming Hang Wang1, HongYi Li1 ... C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial ... https://ecologicalprocesses.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2192-1709-1-6 by BS Griffiths - 2012 - Cited by 55 - Related articles Jun 21, 2012 - Our results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained (i.e. homeostatic) under near optimum soil conditions. Altitudinal patterns and controls of plant and soil nutrient ... - Nature https://www.nature.com › Scientific Reports › Articles by X He - 2016 - Cited by 2 - Related articles Apr 7, 2016 - The results showed that soil organic C and microbial biomass C ..... resulted from the strong stoichiometric homeostasis of soil microorganisms. Searches related to stoichiometric homeostasis of soil microorganisms element cycling definition nitrogen fixation
