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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
ترکیبات پلی ساکاریدی جزئی جلبک دریایی قرمز هیپنئا موسیفورمیس از یک اورونیک اسید منشعب شده جدید
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Minor polysaccharidic constituents from the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis. Appearance of a novel branched uronic acid
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The known history of carrageenans started when Schmidt (1844) reported the isolation of the mucilage from the red seaweed Chondrus crispus. From that time up to the 1970s it was established that carrageenans have a structure based on a linear chain with a repeating pair of a 3-linked -d-galactopyranosyl residue and a 4-linked -d-galactopyranosyl residue. The last residue occurs frequently as a 3,6-anhydro--d-galactopyranosyl moiety. Carrageenans are substituted with large amounts of sulfate ester groups (Stortz & Cerezo, 2000; Stortz, 2005; Usov, 2011). They differ from agarans, found in other red seaweeds, that have the 4- linked residue belonging to the l-series. A landmark in carrageenan studies was the discovery that, in certain families, different sexual stages produce different carrageenans (Chen, McLachlan, Neish, & Shacklock, 1973; McCandless, Craigie, & Walter, 1973; Pickmere, Parsons, & Bailey, 1973). A new landmark was the finding in the early 1990s, of agarans or agaran/carrageenan hybrids in three carrageenophyte species (Craigie & Rivero-Carro, 1992). Those dl-hybrids, though commonly found within the Cryptonemiales and other non-carrageenophytic taxa, were found for the first time in carrageenan-producing seaweeds (Ciancia & Cerezo, 2010; Stortz, 2005; Usov, 2011). These hybrids were shortly afterwards found in gametophytes (Ciancia, Matulewicz, & Cerezo, 1993; Ciancia, Matulewicz, & Cerezo, 1997; Flores, Cerezo, & Stortz, 2002) and sporophytes (Stortz & Cerezo, 1993; Stortz, Cases, & Cerezo, 1997) of the carrageenophytes Gigartina skottsbergii and Iridaea undulosa, even within their fibrilar cell walls (Flores, Stortz, Rodríguez, & Cerezo, 1997; Flores, Stortz, & Cerezo, 2000). Some l-galactose was also found in the carrageenophytes Rhodophyllis divaricata and Sarcodia montagneana (Chopin, Kerin, & Mazerolle, 1999). The presence of agarans and hybrids was later confirmed in other carrageenophytic seaweeds like Kappaphycus alvarezii (Estevez, Ciancia, & Cerezo, 2000; Estevez, Ciancia, & Cerezo, 2004), Gymnogongrus torulosus (Estevez, Ciancia, & Cerezo, 2001; Estevez, Ciancia, & Cerezo, 2008), Hypnea musciformis (Cosenza, Navarro, Fissore, Rojas, & Stortz, 2014) and Gymnogongrus tenuis (Perez Recalde et al., 2016). It may be asserted that these agarans or hybrids appeared in every carrageenophyte where they were searched for, helped by the availability of new techniques that allow detection of small amounts of l-galactose and its derivatives (Cases, Cerezo & Stortz, 1995; Falshaw & Furneaux, 1995; Navarro & Stortz, 2003). At the same time, several agarophytes were found to produce carrageenans or dl-hybrids (Navarro & Stortz,2003; Takano, Shiomoto, Kamei, Hara, & Hirase, 2003), although none of them were from the main agar-producing orders Gelidiales and Gracillariales (Stortz, 2005; Takano et al., 2003). The proportion of agaran structures within the carrageenophytes was usually low, and required KCl precipitation and/or alkaline treatment to concentrate the l-galactose-rich structures, although an important proportion of agaran diads was found in G. torulosus (Estevez et al., 2008; Usov, 2011). Hypnea musciformis is a widely-distributed red seaweed known to produce large amounts of -carrageenan (Alves et al., 2012). In a previous work (Cosenza et al., 2014) we extracted the polysaccharides from Hypnea musciformis with room temperature- and hot water, and fractionated them with potassium chloride. All the fractions were characterized rheologically and the carrageenan fractions were characterized chemically. In order to acquire a better knowledge ofthe structure of agarans and dl-hybrids presentin carrageenophytes, in the current work we subfractionated the 2 M KCl-soluble fractions (R-2S and H-2S), and to characterize chemically the structures of the isolated subfractions. The discovery of the presence of 3-C-carboxy-d-erythrofuranosyl stubs in signifi- cant amounts is an important outcome of this work.
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کلمات کلیدی:
A polysaccharide fraction from the red seaweed Champia novae ... link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-009-1659-3_73 by IJ Miller - 1996 - Cited by 25 - Related articles The polysaccharide recovered after extraction of Champia novae-zealandiae is a ... have not been encountered as major constituents of red algal polysaccharides. Key words. Champia Champiaceae polysaccharide structure red seaweed ... Biology of the Red Algae - Page 241 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0521343011 Kathleen M. Cole, Robert G. Sheath - 1990 - Science Protein-polysaccharide conjugates have been reported from red algae only ... A proteoglycan of quite different composition was extracted in low yields from ... A polysaccharide fraction from the red seaweed <Emphasis Type ... link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00047853.pdf by IJ Miller - 1996 - Cited by 25 - Related articles Key words: Champia, Champiaceae, polysaccharide structure, red seaweed, ... galactosyl residues have not been encountered as major constituents of red. The polysaccharides of green, red and brown seaweeds: Their basic ... www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00071617900650121 by E Percival - 1979 - Cited by 247 - Related articles Jun 1, 1979 - certainly food reserves and others are constituents of cell walls, but many ..... Quantitatively the major polysaccharide of the brown seaweeds is ... [PDF]The system of galactans of the red seaweed, Kappaphycus ... - IFIBYNE www.ifibyne.fcen.uba.ar/LFBM/pdfs/Estevez%20et%20al.%202004%20CR.pdf by JM Estevez - 2004 - Cited by 46 - Related articles alvarezii, with emphasis on its minor constituents ... galactans; Structure determination; Kappaphycus alvarezii; Red seaweed; Ca2+–polysaccharide interactions. 1. Introduction. Red seaweed galactan sulfates are linear polysaccharides. The Biology of Seaweeds - Page 587 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0520045858 Christopher S. Lobban, Michael James Wynne - 1981 - Nature Percival E. (1979) The polysaccharides of green, red, and brown seaweeds: their basic structure, ... I. Characterization of the polysaccharide components.
