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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
نقشه برداری زبان برای ذهن: پردازش آنلاین زبان بچگانه به عنوان انعکاسی از علم و جهل گوینده
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Mapping language to the mind: Toddlers’ online processing of language as a reflection of speaker’s knowledge and ignorance
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Successful communication depends, among other things, on the ability to evaluate our communicative partner’s intentions and knowledge. One efficient way to make inferences about others’ mental states is to observe their interactions with objects in the environment. Another way to assess other person’s mental content is through what the person verbally communicates about a current or past situation. While early in development observing others’ behavior is necessary to evaluate what others know, as the child develops, the increasing mastery and reliance on language provides an alternative route to this type of information. Language can be used to communicate one’s knowledge about reality and thus it provides a means to assess children’s understanding of the relation between verbal statements, knowledge, and reality (Astington & Baird, 2005). The primary goal of the present research is to examine the extent to which children evaluate a linguistic statement as a reflection of a speaker’s knowledge about reality. Research has shown that beginning in infancy children track others’ interactions with objects in the environment and use information about what others have experienced to interpret references to present (Ganea & Saylor, 2007; Moll, Koring, Carpenter, & Tomasello, 2006; Moll & Tomasello, 2007) or absent things (Saylor & Ganea, 2007). In instances when the reference is ambiguous (e.g. “Can you give it to me?”) 14-month-old infants recall the experimenter’s previous interactionwith particular objects to disambiguate the request (Saylor & Ganea, 2007). By 18 months, children are able to make such disambiguation by simply recalling which object an adult attended to visually (Akhtar, Carpenter, & Tomasello, 1996), demonstrating an increasingly robust ability to monitor another person’s attention source.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Dynamic Aspects of Language Processing: Focus and Presupposition https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3642691161 Johannes Engelkamp, H. D. Zimmer - 2013 - Science The ultimate goal isamore accurate analysis ofthe understanding process than canbe ... utterance is determined by the state of the speaker's knowledge structure, that it ... 5,the general discussionis brought toa close withsome basic reflections ... Virtue Epistemology Naturalized: Bridges Between Virtue Epistemology ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3319046721 Abrol Fairweather - 2014 - Philosophy Syntax processing, articulatory codes for gesticulation and other formal skills for ... Knowledge of language requires syntax, but knowledge of syntax does not seem ... any kind of reflection or selection of choices that are evaluated by speakers. [PDF]White Paper: Prolegomena to Heritage Linguistics - Harvard University scholar.harvard.edu/mpolinsky/files/hl_white_paper_june_12.pdf by E Benmamoun - Cited by 90 - Related articles It also reveals much about the process of language acquisition generally. For example, ... tool for gauging heritage speakers' knowledge of their languages. ..... proficiencies, reflecting the tremendous variation in heritage language proficiency. Key Concepts in Second Language Acquisition https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0230346278 Shawn Loewen, Hayo Reinders - 2011 - Language Arts & Disciplines ... is much more fluid, dynamic and changing than is reflected in the above descriptions. ... Additionally, speakers of more than one language are argued to have ... 'Reconceptualizing multicompetence as a theory of language knowledge', ... are developmental and follow a prescribed order based on processing constraints. Language, Knowledge of | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy www.iep.utm.edu/knowlang/ Stephen Stich (1971), in a discussion of speakers' knowledge of syntactic .... Nagel (1969) has argued that a certain feature of the reflective process -- the fact ... The Routledge Handbook of Syntax - Page 466 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1317751043 Andrew Carnie, Dan Siddiqi, Yosuke Sato - 2014 - Language Arts & Disciplines The linguist's hypothesis and the native speaker's knowledge are both called the GRAMMAR. The evidence for a child learning a language consists minimally of examples ... the grammar is only imperfectly reflected in what a speaker actually says. ... to processing complexity and not to grammar (Gibson 1998; Lewis 1997).
