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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
پول مردم فقیر: سیاست پرداخت با موبایل در مکزیک و کنیا
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Poor people's money: The politics of mobile money in Mexico and Kenya
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Regulatory capture and the diffusion of mobile money services
This paper highlights the importance of political factors for our understanding the adoption of the MNO-led model versus the bank-led model of mobile money services. The findings suggest that a regulatory capture framework explains the regulatory model adopted for the provision of mobile money services. Economists have noted that an extensive regulatory regime is likely to engender a close relationship between regulator and regulated industry. This relationship is commonly referred to as regulatory capture and could interfere with the growth of competitive industries (Hardy, 2006; Stigler, 1971). In “Theory of Economic Regulation,” Sitgler explained that “as a rule, regulation is acquired by the industry and is designed and operated primarily for its benefit” (Stigler, 1971, p. 3). He explained the dynamics of the relationship between regulator and regulated industry using the example of the regulation of the U.S. trucking industry in the 1930s. Initially, the industry was confined to the cities, but as truck capacity and roads improved, the extensively regulated railroad industry took notice of the potential competition and was the catalyst for the states' regulation of trucks' weight and dimension. This is not to say that the regulation of the new, competitive industry may not be appropriate or necessary, but that an important catalyst for the regulation of an emerging industry may be regulators acting on the behalf of a regulated industry that is trying to fend off new, potential competitors. Bank regulators are particularly vulnerable to regulatory capture primarily because the banking industry is one of the most highly regulated industries in the world. As Hardy explains: Even in less developed countries, banks are subject to numerous regulations and an elaborate system of on-site and off-site supervision. Major banks typically have supervisors working on their premises at all times. Elaborate regulations are typically imposed also on other components of the financial system. The direct costs of complying with regulations can constitute a significant share of financial institutions' operating costs (Hardy, 2006, p. 3). Moreover, the banking industry is generally made up of a number of large banks that are “well connected … and have access to channels of influence” (Hardy, 2006, 4). In the case of emerging economies, most of the largest banks maybe foreign and bring with them experience in the way in which they interact with the regulators in their home country. The question is why would banks support regulation of their own industry, even though it might be costly? They support it in part because it is a way of increasing entry barriers and controlling the number of competitors (Hardy, 2006). This is not to say that “regulatory capture is an all-or-nothing affair … in a world where capture varies, it seems very likely that some regulatory systems have done a better job than others at resisting it” (Carpenter & Moss, 2013, 453). At a minimum, however, for regulatory capture to occur, the relationship between the regulator and the regulated is close primarily because of the existence of regulation. The absence of strong regulation precludes the development of regulatory capture by an industry.
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کلمات کلیدی:
I Spent 5 Years Studying Poor People and Here Are 4 Destructive ... richhabits.net/i-spent-5-years-studying-poor-people-and-here-are-4-destructive-mone... Sep 22, 2015 - Your money habits can make you rich or put you in the poor house. According to a recent study by Brown University, in which nearly 50,000 ... Poor people's money being used to waive off corporate bad loans ... www.hindustantimes.com/.../poor-people...money.../story-r9l9AwNXmHQvARRTZY... Dec 13, 2016 - Congress vice president Rahul Gandhi on Tuesday alleged that poor people's money is being used to waive off bad loans of corporates in the ... Poor people's money dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3031615 by SL Suárez - 2016 - Cited by 6 - Related articles Oct 1, 2016 - The diffusion of mobile money (also mobile payments) has so far been uneven by country. While in Kenya upwards of 50 percent of the ... Yes, giving money to very poor people will make their lives better ... theconversation.com/yes-giving-money-to-very-poor-people-will-make-their-lives-be... Apr 25, 2017 - A new study shows that conditional cash transfers have helped Ecuador's poorest households climb out of poverty. When that money was ... Searches related to Poor people's money giving money directly to the poor loans poor people free money for poor families charities that give money to individuals rich people who give money to poor people financial help for poor families giving money to the poor in the bible sites to ask for financial help
