دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین پایداری برنامه اطلاعاتی روستایی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
پایداری برنامه اطلاعاتی روستایی در کشورهای در حال توسعه: مطالعه موردی از استان سیچوان چین
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Sustainability of rural informatization programs in developing countries: A case study of China's Sichuan province
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Related works
Existing research on China's rural informatization is limited. Most previous studies have been primarily concerned with connectivity, particularly universal telephone service (Harwit, 2004; Jayakar & Liu, 2014b; Shi, 2008; Xia & Lv, 2008; Zhao, 2007). A few studies have assessed China's recent “Information to the Countryside” program initiated in 2009, which required state-owned telecommunications carriers to integrate traditional “access” and value-added “applications” into a single package in rural areas, and found that although certain noticeable achievements have been made in terms of the increased numbers of rural government websites, rural information stations, and agriculture-related websites, this nationwide informatization program was fragmented under a powerful ideological influence that has led to unclear institutional arrangements and regulatory confusion (Hanna et al., 2009; Xia, 2010). Two separate case studies conducted at the provincial level revealed similar problematic issues, such as a lack of vision, coherent strategy, accountability, and a sustainable business model (Liu, 2012; Ting & Yi, 2012). Through the lens of institutional theory, most of the above mentioned studies emphasize the institutional factors that influence the way informatization programs operate. These studies aptly describe the status quo, reveal the dynamic relationships among the institutions involved in the informatization program, and identify problems and successes. However, existing studies seem to be more descriptive than predictive, and have limited strength in predicting the sustainability of those programs. Although most rural informatization research has addressed the issue of sustainability to some extent and identified some influencing factors, researchers have only recently proposed a number of theoretical frameworks and conceptual explanations to understand the long-term sustainability of such projects. The primary focus of early sustainability investigations has been on financial sustainability (Colle, 2005; Harris, Kumar, & Balaji, 2003), and researchers have often evaluated sustainability by analyzing and comparing the business models (Hosman & Fife, 2008; Proenza, 2001; Wellenius, 2003). Heeks and Bhatnagar (1999) proposed the critical success factor (CSF) and the critical failure factor (CFF) models. The ten critical factors that Heeks and Bhatnagar identified were: information, technical, people, management, process, culture, structure, strategy, politics, and environment. Built upon the CSF and CFF models, Kumar and Best (2006) presented a Sustainability Failure Model and argued that the sustainability failure of an ICT4D project usually took five principal forms: financial/economic sustainability failure, cultural/social sustainability failure, technological sustainability failure, political/institutional sustainability failure, and environmental sustainability failure. Similarly, Stoll argued that social, political, cultural and technical sustainability were vital elements to achieve financial sustainability (2005). Other theoretical models include “design-actuality” gaps, the match or mismatch between information system designs and local user actuality, based on the contingency theory (Gerhan & Mutula, 2007; Heeks, 2002) and the stakeholder theory, which presumes the necessity of a well-balanced partnership between players, particularly between informatization actors and the beneficiary (Bailur, 2006). This paper is informed by Kumar and Best's Sustainability Failure Model. The model provides a succinct analytical framework to cover the major factors that imperil the long-term sustainability of an informatization program. If a program (or project) adequately addresses the five areas of weaknesses outlined by the model, it is likely to be sustainable. This model has been used to analyze Internet kiosks in India (Best & Kumar, 2008; Kumar & Best, 2006). However, to the best of our knowledge, this model and other models summarized above have not been utilized to study a nationwide informatization program, such as the one studied in this paper.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Rural Informatization in China https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5934 Jun 1, 2009 - The report first describes the status of China's rural informatization infrastructure. .... live in slums around the world, most of them in developing countries. ... and programs that support network expansion, have the potential to ... [PDF]Rural Informatization in China - World Bank Group siteresources.worldbank.org/.../Resources/.../Rural_Informatization_in_China.pdf by CZW Qiang - Cited by 39 - Related articles people in developing countries to deliberate policies. The spread of ICT in rural areas makes this type of participatory approach more feasible for dialogue on ... CIFAL Shanghai www.cifalshanghai.org/en_index.asp ... by CIFAL Shanghai International Training Center affiliated to United Nations Institute ... “Seminar on Information Technology Application and Development for Armenia ... helping regional customers carry out international and domestic training programs in ... Shanghai Municipal Economy and Informatization Commission. [PDF]Customs Statistics Informatization for Developing Countries mpac.gov.tt/.../psacourses/2017%20Seminar%20on%20Customs%20Statistics%20Info... by J Zhang - Related articles Officials of Relevant Ministries of Developing Countries. Number of. Participants. 30 ... Training. Course. Content. This Program includes seminars and field trip. Ad Help for developing countries - Free Educational Software Adwww.tme.org.uk/dvds Online, download & DVD lessons. Free - 57 languages, 32 topics. View lessons onlineCreole/Krio lessonsYoruba lessonsTwi lessons
