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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
درک ابعاد متعدد وضع نامساعد حمل و نقل: در مورد روستایی کارولینای شمالی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Understanding the multiple dimensions of transportation disadvantage: the case of rural North Carolina
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Approximately one-fifth of the US population lives in rural areas, according to the 2010 US Census. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural residents tend to be more dependent on automobiles, endure longer commutes, and have limited options for travel via transit or non-motorized modes (Mattson, 2012). Changing economic bases and land use patterns have left many rural areas facing dwindling employment opportunities and spatially dispersed goods, services, and worksites, requiring rural residents to travel even farther to meet routine needs. These challenges put many rural residents at a tremendous social and economic disadvantage. Such residents—most often the poor, the elderly and, increasingly, racial and ethnic minorities—may struggle to get to work, medical appointments, a grocery store, and other essential destinations, and often must rely on family, friends, neighbors, or associates for travel. In this paper, we use the term transportation disadvantage (TD) to describe barriers or limits on access to participation in essential activities outside the home, including employment, education, shopping, recreation, socializing, and health care. Consequences of TD—and related mobility-based social exclusion—have been well documented (e.g., Currie et al., 2009; Lucas, 2012; Power, 2012; Stanley et al., 2011). Researchers across academic fields have also found connections between transportation disadvantage and intergenerational poverty (Chetty et al., 2015), obesity and chronic disease (Frank et al., 2006; Wright, 2008), and diminished quality of life (Kolodinsky et al., 2013). However, development of costeffective solutions to address transportation disadvantage has been hampered by a lack of understanding of the complex travel needs of at-risk populations, particularly in rural areas. This paper describes the results of exploratory research conducted in five rural counties in North Carolina. The objective of this research was to develop and apply a method of combining Census data with qualitative field data to (1) improveunderstanding of transportation disadvantage and unmet travel needs and (2) to identify strategies adopted by rural residents to cope with or overcome transportation barriers.1
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کلمات کلیدی:
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