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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
پژوهش های بین رشته ای در تحریک: نقش شبکه های دانش و وابستگی به بخش
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Interdisciplinarity in ferment: The role of knowledge networks and department affiliation
سال انتشار : 2015
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Definition of interdisciplinarity
Interdisciplinarity as a concept and a practice is one of the most hotly debated topics among academics and has spun a complex web of development strategies and theorizing. For instance, the emphasis on productivity and competitiveness produces an ideological system that serves the economic regulation at universities, encouraging an overemphasis on research projects and courses (e.g.: the proliferation of summer schools). In the face of this increased turnover on interdisciplinarity, there is a compromise in the efficiency level of the institutions, but the increased emphasis on presenting profits/outputs with minimum transition periods ensures that institutional and group decisions are based on shorter timespans, instead of long-term investments, just like it happens in the corporate world (Mintzberg and Van Der Heyden, 2002). However, its lack of standardization continues to be an issue, namely in universities that have traditionally hermetic departments and a lack of communication embedded in the academic culture. Usually, interdisciplinarity means the integration of disciplinary perspectives (e.g., Birnbaum; Cotterell; Hanisch and Vollman; Hausman; Klein; Kockelmans; Epton, Hermeren). As a matter of fact, the most known use of the term is when there is a concatenation of different disciplines or their components (e.g.: Rossini and Porter, 1979). Fairbairn and Fulton (2000) define it as a problem-based approach in which knowledge and methods are brought to bear as needed to solve a complex problem or to address an object study. It is a response to a felt need insufficiently addressed by solely disciplinary work; an identification of a gap of the university's mission and its surrounding community. Interdisciplinarity demands constant proactiveness, responsiveness and the ability to adapt to changing situations. As Sperber (2003) notes, often disciplinary boundaries and routines stand in the way of optimal research and that is why the solution is to go ahead with new research programmes, which requires institutional reshaping. A less debated dimension of interdisciplinarity concerns the individual and social epistemology of knowledge and science. In this regard, Lattuca (2003) brought an interesting view on the subject when reporting that rather than disciplinary training, it is the epistemological commitments of informants that result in an affinity for a particular kind of scholarship. Andersen and Wagenknecht (2013) also remind that interdisciplinarity involves: epistemic dependence between researchers with different areas of expertise, the combination of complementary contributions from different researchers through shared mental models and conceptual structures, and shared cooperative activity with interlocking intentions, meshing subplans and mutual responsiveness. Thus, literature has approached interdisciplinarity as a ‘trans-epistemic arena’ (KnorrCetina, 1999), as an emergence of scientific networks (Latour and Woolgar, 1979) and, more recently, through the coordination modes between interacting actors depicted from the analysis of scientific works (Collinet et al., 2013). This paper contends that interdisciplinarity, although difficult to separate out, is deeply embedded in institutional arrangements and that researchers' networks of relations strongly influence interdisciplinarity. That influence mirrors processes of personal and institutional adaptation, resistance, hindrance or enhancement of interdisciplinary research. For instance, researchers began to apply behaviours they practice in their living rooms or in the elevator: “What do you think about that paper/speech, etc?” This rise of peer production can be assessed by looking at the knowledge networks of researchers. It is possible to empirically understand the way disciplines are organized, the way research relations function and the institutional influences at work towards more or less interdisciplinarity. In sum, both knowledge creation and interdisciplinarity are social phenomena, thus a social network approach can elucidate the role of the departments and its relation to interdisciplinarity in terms of knowledge creation.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Understanding Interdisciplinary Collaborations as Social Networks ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s10464-010-9374-1/abstract by VA Haines - 2011 - Cited by 36 - Related articles Nov 10, 2010 - Abstract. The dynamics of interdisciplinary collaboration invite further investigation if we are to make this endeavour more rewarding and ... Current Developments in Solid-state Fermentation https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0387752137 Ashok Pandey, MARCELO FERNANDES, Christian Larroche - 2008 - Technology & Engineering Vicentina, 09340 Mexico D. F., Mexico Ashok Pandey Biotechnology Division National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, (formerly Regional ... Frontier Discoveries and Innovations in Interdisciplinary Microbiology https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8132226100 Pratyoosh Shukla - 2015 - Science In: Suominen P, Reinikainen T (eds) Trichoderma reesei cellulases and other hydrolases. Foundation for Biotechnical and Industrial Fermentation Research, ... Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Interdisciplinarity as an Emergent ... www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/7/7/9118 by J Bailey - 2015 - Cited by 1 - Related articles Jul 15, 2015 - Large-scale efforts to create interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary research efforts have reported on their experiences in trying to achieve this ...
