دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین همایش وب سایت از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
جهان مسطح نیست: ارزیابی نابرابری در دروغگویی اطلاعات جهانی از طریق همایش های وب سایت
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
The world is not flat: Evaluating the inequality in global information gatekeeping through website co-mentions
سال انتشار : 2017
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله همایش وب سایت اینجا کلیک نمایید.
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
yperlinking and information inequality
Hyperlinking's socioeconomic importance lies in its gatekeeping power. Traditionally, gatekeeping refers to news editors and journalists selectively choosing what content to make public (Shoemaker, 1991). This content selection affects what issues get public attention. In the digital age, gatekeeping takes on multiple forms. For example, Internet users can participate in the collective selection of sources, as in the case of social movements and breaking news (Meraz and Papacharissi, 2013; Xu et al., 2016). For this study, the focus is on hyperlinking - exercising the power to decide what content should get audience attention (Van Dijck, 2009) as hyperlinking dictates web traffic while its structure affects search engine indexing (Barzilai-Nahon, 2008). Highly linked websites tend to appear first in search results, making them more likely to be found and their information accessed (Page et al., 1999). Hyperlinking networks are self-organizing web ecosystems without central planning (Barnett and Houston, 2005), and no central international governing body exists that dictates flows of information (Ruiz and Barnett, 2015). However, even assuming that hyperlinks grow organically, there are forces that naturally lead to inequality. For example, hyperlinking follows the scale-free power-law pattern as do most digital phenomenon—a small set of actors control the majority of hyperlinking traffic (Barabási and Albert, 1999). The web likely shows a bow-tie-like structure in which the frequency distribution of numbers of incoming and outgoing ties decays, and as a network grows, the probability of a given node receiving a tie is proportional to that node's current connectivity. Also, hyperlinking follows preferential attachment (Barabási and Albert, 1999) which posits that websites prefer to form links with more connected and thus more influential websites over time as a way to obtain popularity and influence, leading to the principle of “the rich get richer” (Pennock et al., 2002). The first two research questions examine the role of the organic forces in shaping unequal co-mention network. RQ1: What is the network structure of the global web based on website co-mentions? RQ2: Do structural characteristics of web-based co-mentions reflect preferential attachment and power law? Along with the organic sociological forces, cultural differences and geopolitics play a role in the structure of the worldwide web. Communication networks show economic disparity as well as cultural differences (Barnett and Sung, 2005). For example, cultural and linguistic factors can lead certain countries and regions to be more closely connected through hyperlinks (Barnett and Sung, 2005). But more convincingly, the divisions reflect an uneven distribution of world power. Previous studies in this context have used world-system theory to reveal a core-peripheral structure in which Western countries play a central and prominent role in influencing online communication (Chung et al., 2014). Economically and politically powerful countries (e.g., the U.S. and Western European countries) tend to form the core, frequently linked by websites in countries with less influence (Park et al., 2011). This is evident in hyperlinks between global nongovernment organizations (Shumate and Dewitt, 2008; Yang, 2013), between firms (Nam et al., 2014), between international media outlets (Barnett et al., 2013), and between academic institutions (Park and Thelwall, 2006; Barnett et al., 2014). Hence, the following question addresses the role of geopolitics in shaping the global inequality imbedded in co-mention hyperlinking network.
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله همایش وب سایت اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
Global web content control settings | Internet Gatekeeper | v5.30 | F ... https://help.f-secure.com/product.html?business/igk/5.30/en/concept...5.30-en F-Secure Internet Gatekeeper : These settings are on the Global settings > Web content control settings tab in the web user interface. ... Using the product · HTTP proxy .... Port numbers, the protocol, and the authentication information (username and password) are not considered when matching URLs. The path component ... Introduction to Webometrics: Quantitative Web Research for the Social ... www.morganclaypool.com/doi/abs/10.2200/S00176ED1V01Y200903ICR004 by M Thelwall - 2009 - Cited by 266 - Related articles Webometrics is concerned with measuring aspects of the web: web sites, web ... the inequality in global information gatekeeping through website co-mentions. Jeanette B Ruiz - Google Scholar Citations scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALVEaKcAAAAJ&hl=en Globalization or decentralization of hyperlinked content among websites: An ... the inequality in global information gatekeeping through website co-mentions. Weiai Wayne Xu - Google Scholar Citations scholar.google.com/citations?user=c87IeKoAAAAJ&hl=en UMass-Amherst - umass.edu Talking to the broadcasters on Twitter: Networked gatekeeping in Twitter ... the inequality in global information gatekeeping through website co-mentions. Global Free Expression - Governing the Boundaries of Internet Content https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3319335138 Ben Wagner - 2016 - Law Information control as a process is in many cases a reflection of the power struggle of ... For example, networked gatekeeping theory is focussing on the gatekeeping ... sites which control traffic and information flow that passes through them” ...
