دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین نوآوری شرکت kibs از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اثرات موانع بر الگوهای نوآوری در شرکت های KIBS
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Impacts of obstacles on innovation patterns in KIBS firms
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Prior studies on innovation and obstacles in KIBS firms
2.1. On the definition of KIBS According to Doloreux and Shearmur (2010: 611), “KIBS refers to establishments that are characterised by high knowledge intensity and that offer predominantly non-routine services to their clients.” KIBS combine various types of highly specialized knowledge in order to develop (either innovative or non-innovative) problem-specific solutions (Koschatzky & Stahlecker, 2006; Muller & Zenker, 2001). Miles (2008) proposed a working definition of KIBS that distinguishes between “professional service firms” (P-KIBS) and “technical service firms” (T-KIBS). P-KIBS provide traditional professional services based on specialized knowledge of administrative systems and social affairs (e.g., business and management services, legal accounting and activities, market research, etc.), while T-KIBS provide services mainly concerned by information and communication technologies, as well as by the production and transfer of knowledge regarding technology (e.g., IT-related services, R&D services; engineering services). Some sub-sectors of activities providing services and displaying high levels of qualified labor and of use of new technologies are usually not considered as KIBS (e.g., agriculture, forestry, mining, and gas extraction) (Muller & Doloreux, 2009). 2.2. The multifaceted forms of innovation in KIBS firms Prior studies on obstacles to innovation have focused on technological innovations. However, it is now widely recognized in the literature that service innovation cannot be reduced to technological innovations (Hidalgo & D'Alvaro, 2014; Vang & Zellner, 2005). Consequently, the assimilation approach, which rests on the idea that innovation in services is similar to innovation in manufacturing industries, is more and more discarded (Bryson & Monnoyer, 2004; Drejer, 2004). The demarcation approach contends that service innovation is distinctively different from innovation in manufacturing, and then, new definitions and new measures need to be developed in order to capture the particularities of the non-technological dimensions of innovation in services (Doloreux & Shearmur, 2010; Tether, Hipp, & Miles, 2001; van der Aa & Elfring, 2002). Consequently, many researchers on service innovation called for the development of a synthesis approach that would integrate the two previous approaches (Amara, Landry, & Doloreux, 2009; Drejer, 2004). Such an approach offers two significant advantages. First, it takes into account technological innovations and thus, allows comparisons between innovation in manufacturing and service industries. Second, by integrating the demarcation approach into a new synthesis one, it allows the integration of technological and non-technological dimensions of innovation into a single perspective that is likely to shed new light on the multidimensional facets of innovation. In this article, we adopt the synthesis approach to build and extend from prior studies in order to differentiate two technological and four non-technological forms of service innovation (Amara et al., 2009; den Hertog, 2002; Howells & Tether, 2004; OECD, 2006; Sundbo & Gallouj, 2001; Tether et al., 2002). Product and process innovations represent technological forms of innovation, while delivery, strategic, managerial, and marketing innovations represent non-technological forms of innovation that largely overlap with organizational innovations since they represent various dimensions of organizational innovations. We hypothesize that different forms of service innovation will be in- fluenced by different types of obstacles. These six forms of service innovation are operationally defined in Table 1.
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