دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین نقش شخص ثالث در حل اختلافات از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تجارت، صلح و سیاست جهانی: نقش شخص ثالث در حل اختلافات
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Business, peace, and world politics: The role of third parties in conflict resolution
سال انتشار : 2016
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله نقش شخص ثالث در حل اختلافات اینجا کلیک نمایید.
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. The challenge: Peace and conflict since WWII
Conflict management, like conflict, spans both history and the globe. It is as old as conflict itself. In 1492, following Columbus’ discovery of the West Indies, a delimitation of the Spanish and Portuguese spheres of exploration was desired. European imperial rivalries and colonial pressures made clear that conflict would soon arise over the land claims of Spain and Portugal (Elliott, 2006). In May of 1493, after vigorous petitioning by both Spain and Portugal, the Vatican acted to set a boundary between their respective spheres of interest (Davies, 1996). Pope Alexander VI issued a decree that established an imaginary line running north and south through the mid-Atlantic. Spain would have possession of any unclaimed territories to the west of the line, and Portugal would have possession of any unclaimed territory to the east of the line. The New World was thus neatly bifurcated by the sole authority of a third party (Davies, 1996). There are other examples of third-party actors stepping in to help resolve conflict throughout history. In 1905, Theodore Roosevelt offered to act as an intermediary between the claims of Russia and Japan over interests in northern China and Korea (Roosevelt, 1985). Japanese and Russian delegates met with the president on board a U.S. naval ship in Oyster Bay and later in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. For his mediation efforts, President Roosevelt became the first American to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Roosevelt later arbitrated a dispute between France and Germany over the division of Morocco. These actions possibly helped to postpone a world war. Corporations can also play important roles in conflict management. For example, Energoinvest, a Bosnian construction company, restored its prewar partners to rebuild the country’s infrastructure; Komatsu is a Japanese machine company that has helped to create educational programs in Cambodia and Afghanistan to raise awareness about landmines; and ArcelorMittal is a Luxemburg mining company that engages with a diverse range ofstakeholders in Liberia’s post-conflict environment BUSHOR-1303; No. of Pages 9 2 M.M. Melin (United Nations, 2010). In addition, many corporations have partnered with international organizations to develop innovative strategies for dealing with the many challenges of operating in conflict zones. The telecommunications company Ericsson is partnered with the UN Office forthe Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Save the Children, the World Food Program, and International Red Cross to provide telecommunications during disaster and emergency relief operations (Ericsson, 2010). Similarly, NGOs like the Future Ways Program at University of Ulster in Ireland worked with businesses to hire half Catholics and half Protestants as a way of promoting de-stigmatization and reconciliation (Eyben, Keys, Morrow, & Wilson, 2001).
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله نقش شخص ثالث در حل اختلافات اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
Peace Talks | Economist - World News, Politics, Economics, Business ... www.economist.com/topics/peace-talks The Economist explains: Why Colombia's peace deal is taking so long to implement. Jun 19th ... The carnage in Yemen is at last attracting the world's attention9. The business of politics - The Economist https://www.economist.com/.../21674499-complicated-world-money-war-and-politics... Oct 15, 2015 - The complicated world of money, war and politics in Somalia and South ... AT ONE of the many peace conferences to try to end the bloody ... [PDF]The Business of Peace - International Alert www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/.../The%20Business%20of%20Peace.pdf The Business of Peace – the private sector as a partner in conflict prevention and resolution ...... and political transformation in countries all over the world. The Peace Business: Money and Power in the Palestine-Israel Conflict https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1850434433 Markus E. Bouillon - 2004 - Business & Economics 3 (1983); Michael W. Doyle, 'Liberalism and World Politics,' American Political Science Review, Vol. 80 (1986); W. J. Dixon, 'Democracy and the Management of ... Regulating Business for Peace - Page 259 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1107037085 Jolyon Ford - 2015 - Law 108 What does all this mean for transitional business regulation theory? This book ... Critical Security Studies and World Politics (Lynne Rienner, Boulder, 2005).
