دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین نقش دوگانه شرکت تعاونی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
فردیت در مقابل انجمن: یک نقش دوگانه جدید از شرکت های تعاونی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Individuality vs. communality A new dual role of co-operatives?
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Today, co-operatives comprise some of the world’s largest businesses contributing globally to resilient employment, a sustainable economy and the well-being of workers (ICA, 2013). Despite their undisputable significance, co-operatives have attracted little interest in the field of management science; they have been largely overlooked within mainstream economics and management theory (Mazzarol, Limnios, & Reboud, 2011; Jussila, Goel, & Tuominen, 2012: Puusa, Mönkkönen, & Varis, 2013). The shortage of scholarly research available poses serious challenges in co-operatives being understood and taken seriously in literature and policy (Saksa, 2007;Jussila, Kalmi, & Troberg, 2008). Co-operatives are also widely ignored in education (Fontrodona & Sison, 2006; Tuominen, Jussila, & Rantanen, 2010; Puusa et al., 2013; Puusa & Hokkila, 2014). The situation has resulted in poor level of knowledge regarding cooperatives and the ideology behind them. According to Levi and Davis (2008), the rejection is due to co-operatives being the “enfants terribles” of economics. They refer to the distinctive characteristic of co-operatives, their dual nature. A co-operative, like any other business, needs to have a viable idea and strive to maintain its competitive edge. Simultaneously, it is a social community owned by its members whose operations are primarily based on their members’ needs and wellbeing. The complex nature of co-operatives, namely their basis and reliance on co-operation, is considered problematic from the neoclassicists’ perspective as it does not fit into the boundaries of neoclassical framework (Mooney & Gray, 2002, p. iv). In addition, co-operatives are continuously restructuring themselves to adapt to the changing environment, making the restructuring of co-operative theory evident (Mazzarol et al., 2011). It is the dual nature of co-operatives that explains their economic, social and cultural impact. Thus many like Mazzarol et al. (2011) argue that more research is required to better understand the unique characteristics of the co-operative business model. Mooney and Gray (2002, pp. 1–2) call for a strong link between theory and practice: it is important that ‘theoretical guides remain embedded in the concrete reality of co-operative organization, rather than in an autonomous logic independent of environment and history (such as neo-classical economics)’. Therefore, the need for new approaches has been identified in the attempt to increase understanding of the actual practices and for the theories to become more compatible with the core idea and its manifestation in the business world. The aim of this paper is to reassert the concept and provide deeper insights into the current interpretations of the dual nature (see Draheim, 1952; Holger, 1986; Michelsen, 1994; Neto, Barroso, Marcelo, & Rezende, 2010; Syrjä, Sjögren, & Tuominen, 2011; Zamagni & Zamagni, 2010; Puusa & Hokkila, 2015b) by exploring it in a worker co-operative context, which so far has been a virgin field from this particular conceptual perspective. Henzler (1960) states that highlighting the duality is especially important in academic research concerning co-operatives since they have been accused of abandoning their original mission (see Anderson & Henehan, 2005; Puusa et al., 2013). This according to our understanding culminates specifically in their dual nature that is based on the co-operative values and principles that form the ‘irreducible core’ of all cooperatives, regardless of their type (ICA, 2013). Thereby this article answers the question of how are the defining characteristics of the dual role manifested in the interpretations of worker co-operative members found in the textual data? Finnish worker co-operatives serve as an interesting context for this study as Finland is the most co-operative country in the world in terms of co-operatives’ sales relative to GDP and the number of co-operatives relative to the population (Jones & Kalmi, 2009). Also the formation rate of new co-operatives in Finland ranks highly in European-wide comparisons (Kalmi, 2013). Co-ops increased in the mid-1990s after one of the severest recessions in Finland’s history and the resultant high unemployment. Their number more than doubled in the years 1995–1997, which was in complete opposition to the trend of declining numbers of other companies (Pättiniemi & Solhagen, 1999; Kalmi, 2013). Currently they are becoming an ever more salient form of business in many fields although they still cover a relatively small number of new companies established yearly. Worker co-operatives also have comparatively short presence in the Finnish economy and the practical and theoretical understanding of this type of co-operative is scarce (Kalmi, 2013; Pättiniemi & Tainio, 2000). There is a limited amount of research concerning worker co-operatives’ fundamental characteristics and their interpretation. Some research highlight the differences between capitalist firms and worker co-operatives in terms of financial benefits (see e.g., Craig & Pencavell, 1992; Pencavell & Craig, 1994; Mikami, 2003). Recent studies have called for more empirical research on worker co-operatives regarding non-pecuniary member benefits (Pencavell, 2015). Hence, the overall poor knowledge and a relatively small number of new co-operatives motivated us to explore the experiences of those entrepreneurs who have chosen a cooperative as the form of their business. The above arguments give a reason to assume that there might be a particular ideological attachment towards the co-operative idea behind the choice and its motivation.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Individuality vs. communality⿿A new dual role of co-operatives? www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213297X16300027 by A Puusa - 2016 - Cited by 2 - Related articles Mar 19, 2016 - Highlights. . Finding a balance between conflicting needs of a member and a co-op may reflect the 'new dual role⿿ of co-operatives. . Individuality vs. communality—A new dual role of co-operatives? https://www.researchgate.net/.../299125600_Individuality_vs_communality-A_new_dua... As people, values and times change, co-operatives also restructure themselves making the reappraisal of co-operative theory topical. This article contributes to ... Recent Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management ... https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-co-operative...and.../recent-articles Feb 20, 2017 - Recently published articles from Journal of Co-operative Organization and ... Individuality vs. communality⿿A new dual role of co-operatives? [PDF]Self-employment in a worker co-operative: Finding a balance between ... ccr.ica.coop/sites/ccr.ica.coop/files/attachments/4.3%20Puusa%20paper.pdf by A Puusa - Cited by 1 - Related articles 'new dual role' of co-operatives. Keywords: Co-operative, Worker co-operative, Self-employment, Dual nature, Co-operative principles. 1. Introduction.
