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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
نقش آب در کاهش خطر تغییر آب و هوا و انطباق: مروری
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
The Role of Hydropower in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: A Review
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Electricity is essential for human life, welfare, and sustainable development. Images of the earth at night show the areas of prosperity—those people with access to electricity. However, about 20% of the world’s population remains in the dark (with no access to lighting, refrigeration, computers, good education, or running water). Light means socioeconomic development, while darkness is a major concern for sustainable development. Today, more than 1.2 billion people around the world lack access to electricity, mainly in Asia and Africa (about 80% are in rural areas) [1]. Socioeconomic analyses on electricity and development are based on correlations between the main electricity indicators (i.e., consumption per capita per year, kW·h per year per capita, and the percentage of the population with access to electricity (AE%)) and the macro-socioeconomic indicators (i.e., gross national income (GNI) per capita and human development index (HDI)). All socioeconomic analyses show that in developed countries (those with high income (HI) and a high HDI), 100% of the population has access to electricity, and the average consumption is about 8500 kW·h per year per capita. In contrast, in countries with low income and low HDI, only about 25% of the population has access
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کلمات کلیدی:
PDF]climate change mitigation and adaptation ... - IAIA conference conferences.iaia.org/.../Clarke,%20Michael%20-%20Climate%20Change%20Mitigatio... Apr 20, 2015 - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR HYDROPOWER. PROJECTS IN THE INDUS BASIN. [PDF]Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Global Hydropower - MDPI www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/5/2/305/pdf by B Hamududu - 2012 - Cited by 72 - Related articles Feb 14, 2012 - Keywords: climate change; global; water resources; hydropower ...... no adaption and/or mitigation on operations included in the analysis, and ... Mitigation and Adaptation Measures for Climate Change: How to ... programme.worldwaterweek.org/event/mitigation-and-adaptation-4163 Climate change mitigation and adaptation involves actors that so far have found ... 09:55 Balancing Mitigation and Adaptation Hydropower Constraints in North ... Micro hydropower: an alternative for climate change mitigation ... link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-016-1865-0 by A Sánchez - 2017 - Related articles Dec 26, 2016 - Micro hydropower: an alternative for climate change mitigation, adaptation, and development of marginalized local communities in Hispaniola ... [PDF]renewable energy, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and ... https://www.oecd.org/tad/xcred/renewable-en.pdf Hydro-power ... Changes in Minimum Commercial Interest Reference Rates (CIRRs) ... CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION, AND WATER ... Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1107058163 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - 2014 - Business & Economics Maintaining forest cover can provide a suite of environmental services including ... between climate change mitigation and adaptation in relation to hydropower ... [PDF]Making the energy sector more resilient to climate change https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/.../COP21_Resilience_Brochure.pdf define climate change resilience and adaptation challenges (Sections 1 and 2). ▫ identify ... due to surged electricity demand and reduced hydropower output. These events are a .... important to explore the climate mitigation-adaptation nexus.
