دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین نظر سنجی پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
نظر سنجی پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی مازلاک - عمومی : اعتبار عاملی و تغییر ناپذیری در میان متخصصان مراقبت های بهداشتی رومانیایی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey: Factorial validity and invariance among Romanian healthcare professionals
سال انتشار : 2014
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The use of translated instruments in different national or professional cultures in the absence of a systematic evaluation of their psychometric properties hampers cross-studies comparisons. The current research has two main objectives. First, it proposes to test the factorial validity and invariance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS) on a sample of 1190 Romanian healthcare professionals. We aim to test the invariance of the MBI-GS across professional role, gender, age, and organisational tenure. Second, specific relations between burnout dimensions and relevant occupational factors will be investigated by means of structural equation modeling. 1.1. Maslach Burnout Inventory The most influential burnout definition describes burnout as a three dimensional construct composed of emotional exhaustiondepersonalisation, and professional efficacy (Maslach, Schaufeli, & Leiter, 2001). The standard measuring instrument (Schaufeli & Buunk, 2003) is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) which currently has three distinct versions in use. Early research on burnout described it as a syndrome characterising professions that involve demanding interpersonal interactions (Maslach et al., 2001). Thus the first two forms were addressed to healthcare professionals: Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) (Maslach & Jackson, 1981, 1986) and teachers: Educators Survey (MBI-ES) (Maslach & Jackson, 1986). Both MBI-HSS and MBI-ES became widely used and their factorial validity has often been tested with studies offering divergent results. TheMBI-HSS’ three-factor structure has been validated on samples of healthcare professionals (Hallberg & Sverke, 2004) and social workers (Kim & Ji, 2009). Other studies reported findings of a two (Kalliath, O’Driscoll, Gillespie, & Bluedorn, 2000), or a five factors structure (Densten, 2001). Moreover, empirical data suggested that the initial three-factor structure had a better fit if some of the items were excluded (Poghosyan, Aiken, & Sloane, 2009; Schaufeli & Van Dierendonck, 1993; Vanheule, Rosseel, & Vlerick, 2007) or if some items were allowed to load on different dimensions than those hypothesised in the initial model (Gorter, Albrecht, Hoogstraten, & Eijkman, 1999). The three-factor structure of MBI-ES was confirmed in samples of primary (Gold, Roth, Wright, Michael, & Chin-Yi, 1992) and secondary education teachers (Schaufeli, Daamen, & Van Mierlo, 1994). Other studies found good fit for a two-factor model with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation merged into one dimension (Holland, Michael, & Kim, 1994). Byrne’s studies (Byrne, 1991, 1993, 1994) confirmed theee-dimension model but recommended the exclusion of items 12 and 16. The Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS) (Schaufeli, Leiter, Maslach, & Jackson, 1996) was developed in response to two aspects: first, studies using MBI-HSS outside human service professions found different factorial structures (Densten, 2001; Leiter & Schaufeli, 1996); second, both researchers and practitioners became more interested in burnout among professional roles which did not necessarily involve demanding social interactions. Due to its non-specificity and universal applicability the MBI-GS was soon the most preferred version of MBI (Mäkikangas, Hätinen, Kinnunen, & Pekkonen, 2001). Compared to its previous forms the MBI-GS is shorter and slightly adapted in order to describe broader occupational contexts (Maslach, Leiter, & Schaufeli, 2008). The questionnaire has 16 items clustered in three scales which parallel those of the MBI-HSS and MBI-ES. The emotional exhaustion scale is the least changed and describes feelings of physical and emotional resource depletion. The cynicism scale was tailored to fit a broader range of professional roles than its MBI-HSS equivalent, depersonalisation. Thus it describes an impersonal and distant attitude towards one’s job and not only towards recipients of one’s work. The professional efficacy, termed personal accomplishment in MBI-HSS, describes feelings of achievement in one’s work. High scores on the first two subscales and low scores on the third subscale indicate the presence of burnout (Maslach & Leiter, 2008).
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کلمات کلیدی:
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