دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین نشانگر زیستی برای خطر شکستگی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
نشانگرهای زیستی مواد جدید برای خطر شکستگی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Towards new material biomarkers for fracture risk
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Osteoporosis affects approximately 200 million women around the world. In the UK alone 50% of women will suffer a fracture after the age of 50 [1], a rate which is annually increasing due to the aging population. Osteoporotic fractures often occur in the hip, wrist and vertebrae; although studies have shown hip fractures have the greatest detrimental effect on an individual [2]. Hip fractures result in a significant loss of independence, and sufferers are unable to live without support as they cannot walk unaided or perform many of their daily activities. Worryingly, hip fractures are often associated with increased mortality [3,4], a statistic which is confounded by the asymptomatic nature of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is often assessed according to an individual's bone mineral density (BMD) [5]. With a decrease in BMD, the risk of fracture is significantly increased [6]. Currently the gold standard for measuring BMD is through the use of dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA). Unfortunately DEXA is not without limitations and is arguably a poor predictor of fracture, with a study carried out by Wainwright et al. showing that 54% of new hip fractures occurred in women who did not have osteoporosis as determined by their BMD [7] and data from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment, showed that 82% of post-menopausal women with fractures had bone of ‘normal’ BMD [8]. The limitation of DEXA was perhaps highlighted with the development of FRAX, the World Health Organisation (WHO) fracture assessment tool, which uses BMD along with clinical risk factors and country-specific fracture and mortality data to quantify a patient's 10-year probability of a hip or major osteoporotic fracture [9]. FRAX takes into account demographic information such as age, sex, a prior fracture, family history of fracture, and lifestyles risk factors such as physical inactivity and smoking. Arguably, the limits associated with DEXA to predict an individual patient's fracture risk is because BMD does not measure the multiple material factors that contribute to bone strength [10]. There are several complex determinants of bone strength and fragility, and although properties which may increase the resistance to one type of mechanical demand, for example static loading, may also be detrimental to other kinds such as fatigue loading [11]. For this reason, material scientists differentiate between stiffness: how well a material resists deformation, toughness: the ability of a material to absorb energy prior to failure and strength: the ability of a material to resist failure when stretched or compressed. In this manuscript, strength refers to the ability of the material to withstand loading before structural failure occurs. The assumption is that bone strength is lower for the fracture group than that of the non-fracture group. Further mechanical testing would be required to establish whether bone chemistry parameters investigated in this study are independently correlated to stiffness, toughness or strength.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Towards new material biomarkers for fracture risk - Bone www.thebonejournal.com/article/S8756-3282(16)30252-6/abstract by C Greenwood - 2016 - Cited by 1 - Related articles •Physicochemical properties assessed through XRD and FTIR for non-fracture and fracture human specimens. •Significant differences in bone mineral ... Towards New Material Biomarkers for Fracture Risk (PDF Download ... https://www.researchgate.net/.../308094742_Towards_New_Material_Biomarkers_for_F... Official Full-Text Publication: Towards New Material Biomarkers for Fracture Risk on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. Towards new material biomarkers for fracture risk - University of Bristol research-information.bris.ac.uk/.../towards-new-material-biomarkers-for-fracture-risk(... Abstract Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone condition, characterised by low bone mass and increased fracture risk. Currently, the gold standard for identifying ... Prospective biomarker evaluation in patients with osteonecrosis of the ... www.joms.org/article/S8756-3282(13)00315-3/abstract Prospective biomarker evaluation in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw who received bisphosphonates .... Towards new material biomarkers for fracture risk. Phosphoric Acids: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1464922993 2012 - Science New investigation results, 'Effects of letrozole on bone biomarkers and femur fracture in female rats,' are detailed in a study published in Journal of Physiology ... [PDF]Bone turnover markers for early detection of fracture healing ... - SciELO www.scielo.br/pdf/aabc/v87n2/0001-3765-aabc-201520150008.pdf by CP Sousa - 2015 - Cited by 8 - Related articles Efforts should be directed towards the development of new technologies for improving accuracy .... BONE BIOMARKERS IN FRACTURE HEALING DISTURBANCES. (Khosla 2001 ... Table SI (Supplementary Material) summarizes the studies ... [PDF]Bone Quality: A Perspective from the Food and Drug ... - FDA https://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/newsevents/ucm470577.pdf by T Kehoe - 2006 - Cited by 12 - Related articles many hope to find a new biomarker that will predict fracture risk better than the current bone density mea- surements ... and Drug Administration reviewer regarding the role of surrogate ... and cortical microarchitecture, and material properties. Joint Disease in the Horse - Page 379 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1455759694 C. Wayne McIlwraith, David D. Frisbie, Christopher E. Kawcak - 2015 - Medical The current status of synovial fluid and serum biomarkers is detailed in ... bone disease to identify risk of severe fracture and/or catastrophic injury.36 A ... The current position, including steps towards further validation for human OA biomarkers, ... to make advances in the field of OA research and new treatment opportunities, ...
