دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین نرخ بازگشت سرمایه گذاری از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
نرخ بازگشت به سرمایه گذاری در تحقیق و توسعه: مورد زیرساخت های تحقیقاتی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
The rate of return to investment in R&D: The case of research infrastructures
سال انتشار : 2016
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله نرخ بازگشت سرمایه گذاری اینجا کلیک نمایید.
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
3. The rate of return to R&D in previous literature: an overview
To illustrate the importance of this topic in the academic literature and motivate the choice of an overview rather than a full-fledged survey, a search for “return to R&D” was carried out in Scopus and Web of Science.7 In order to focus on relevant results, the search in the Scopus and Web of Science databanks was narrowed to articles, books, and reviews in Social Sciences between 1973 and 2014. Results of this selection are shown in Fig. 1. A total of 871 and 1221 articles, respectively, in the Scopus and Web of Science databanks, have been published on the subject of the rate of return to R&D, with an increasing trend since the 1990s. These figures suggest a relevant and growing attention of the scientific community to the matter of assessing and evaluating the real impact of research activities. Similar conclusions can be drawn by looking at citation data for these articles from 1998 to 2014 (Fig. 2). Overall, 14,984 and 19,216 articles in Scopus and Web of Science, respectively, have cited the works shown in Fig. 1 since 1998, corroborating the view that returns to R&D is an important research topic in economics. Overall, this topic thus seems to be the object of a vast economic literature, especially in the past 20 years, with contributions in both the theoretical and empirical domain. Given the range of contributions, the strategy adopted in the present paper is to provide an overview of selected research products, with the aim of identifying the accepted knowledge on the subject and the critical issues that may benefit from further research. The underlying goal is to present a common conceptual framework and solid empirical findings which may be useful in the context of the evaluation of the rate of return of public investment in RIs, a decidedly under-researched topic in this area. The starting point of the analysis is the literature examining the impact of R&D activities on aggregate growth, both by means of formal theoretical modeling and through sound empirical analyses and econometric estimates. The theoretical contributions are mainly framed in the context of endogenous growth models, while empirical applications include growth accounting exercises and econometric studies based on a production or cost function approach. The formalization of the problem of evaluating the rate of return to R&D, and the methods proposed to obtain numerical values that emerge from this strand of literature, are a starting point for understanding the main issues at play and applying them specifically to RIs. Further insights can be gathered by looking at the relatively less abundant literature on micro-evidence, based on case studies of specific R&D projects in different fields of science. The methodological reference is cost benefit analysis (henceforth, CBA), as outlined, for example, in Florio (2014), extended to include nonstrictly financial or economic measures of output, by considering, for example, patent applications or publications. Finally, the literature on R&D externalities, or spillover effects, is examined, to stress the need for understanding the boundaries (both spatial and sectoral) of R&D activities to correctly measure their real impact and rate of return. The insights gained from the results presented in the following Sections can be thus seen as the basis, or blueprint, for a more in depth analysis of the rate of return to this specific typology of R&D, namely, investment in RIs.
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله نرخ بازگشت سرمایه گذاری اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
[PDF]Measuring the Social Rate of Return to R&D in Coal, Petroleum and ... clinlawell.dyson.cornell.edu/STAN_paper.pdf by D Corderi - Cited by 15 - Related articles This rate of return measures how much productivity increases as a result of investing resources in R&D. In principle, we would want to estimate the social rate of ... The Social Rates of Return to R&D, Scientists, Engineers and Tertiary ... www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2074... by J Dias - 2006 - Related articles The estimated social rates of return to the investments in R&D, scientist and engineers and tertiary education for 70 countries are well above the private one, ... [PDF]Rates of Return to R&D Investment in the Philippines https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pdf/pidsdps9924.pdf by CB Cororaton - 1999 - Cited by 11 - Related articles 99-24. Rates of Return to R&D Investment in the Philippines. Caesar B. Cororaton. The Research Information Staff, Philippine Institute for Development Studies. [PDF]Estimating the Payoff to R&D - National Science Foundation https://www.nsf.gov/sbe/sosp/econ/freeman.pdf firm and to estimate the economic return of investing in R&D, what would you do? .... With few exceptions most studies estimate rates of return at a point in. Searches related to rate of return to investment in R&D return on r&d investment return on r&d investment statistics return on research and development measuring the returns to r&d r&d roi metrics r&d to sales ratio analysis r&d effectiveness metrics r&d elasticity
