دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین ناباروری زنان با منشا غدد درون ریز از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
ناباروری زنان با منشا اندوکرین
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Female infertility of endocrine origin
سال انتشار : 2014
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
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Albeit anovulation accounts for 25% to 50% of the causes of female infertility (2,3), even in women in whom it is highly suspected, like those with irregular cycles, it is important to check tubal patency (usually by means of hysterossalpingography) and endometrial cavity status (by transvaginal ultrassound ou hysteroscopy), as these two are common causes of female infertility. Male http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-2730000003021 Copyright© ABE&M todos os direitos reservados. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58/2 145 factors should be promptly investigated by means of at least one spermogram. Assessment of multiple causes is especially important in women of more advanced age, in which investigation should be shortened in order not to delay treatment. The main factors to be addressed in the infertile couple are presented in figure 1. Ovarian fators comprise (i) anovulation, (ii) ovulation with luteal insufficiency, when progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum is not enough to maintain endometrial stability until HCG production is settled (4); and (iii) luteinized non-ruptured follicule syndrome (LUF), when the follicle develops to its maturity, but remains in the ovary without rupture, and there it undergoes luteinization, being able to produce progesterone. In this situation, secretory changes occur in the mucus, and vaginal cytology; and progesterone levels are consistent with ovulation. Effectively, however, no oocyte is released to the tubes. All these three modalities will be here referred to as ovulatory dysfunctions. rhea, weight changes and hot flashes should be considered. Physical exam should include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) stigmata, as well as goiter or Turner syndrome features. Breast and genital examination ensure normal sexual development, and may provide an estimation of estrogenic status. One or more of the methods below are employed to detect ovulation (6): Cervical mucus Women with ovulatory cycles show clear, smooth, slippery mucus of increasing volume when getting closer to the mid-cycle (oestrogenic mucus), in parallel to estrogen rise and the ovulatory peak. After ovulation, viscosity increases and mucus becomes sticky, grainy, and tacky (gestagenic mucus). During the genital exam, it is possible to collect a sample of the mucus and let it dry on a slide to be examined in a microscope at low magnification: a typical pattern, resembling fern leaves can be observed in estrogenic mucus. Hypoestrogenic women show little or no mucus during the genital exam, together with a pale mucosa. Anovulatory PCOS patients, on the contrary, show the same pattern of estrogenic mucus all over their cycle. Nowadays, personal devices, which are in fact mini microscopes, using saliva instead of cervical mucus, may act like monitors of the ovulation period. Women seeking pregnancy put saliva samples on the device across their cycle. Samples dry and are magnified by the lens, showing the same ferning pattern present in cervical mucus when estrogen levels are high, allowing women to detect their possible period of ovulation. Limiting factors for mucus analysis in detecting ovulation are genital infecctions and LUF, among others.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Female Infertility - Family Practice Notebook www.fpnotebook.com/Gyn/Endo/FmlInfrtlty.htm This page includes the following topics and synonyms: Female Infertility, Infertility, Subfertility. Endocrinology and Diabetes: Case Studies, Questions and Commentaries https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1447127897 Ramzi Ajjan, Stephen M. Orme - 2015 - Medical Weiss RV, Clapauch R. Female infertility of endocrine origin. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2014;58(2): 144–52. ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Health and fertility in World Health Organization group 2 anovulatory women. Hum Reprod Update. 2012;18(5):586–99. Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, Legro RS, Balen AH, ... Searches related to Female infertility of endocrine origin endocrine causes of male infertility pathophysiology of infertility in female hormonal causes of female infertility types of infertility pdf female infertility ppt causes of female infertility pdf female infertility causes female infertility symptoms
