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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تجزیه و تحلیل جامعه میکروبی گرانول های بی هوازی در فنل تخریبی UASB توسط توالی نسل بعدی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Microbial community analysis of anaerobic granules in phenol-degrading UASB by next generation sequencing
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological treatment process that stabilizes organic wastes with the subsequent conversion to biogas, comprised of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide. The produced biogas can then be utilized for heat and electricity generation, or directly supplied to households and vehicles after upgrading, which can substitute natural gas [1]. The main feedstock of AD has been agricultural by-products, sludge, organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, and manure; however, there also have been a few attempt to treat toxic compounds such as phenol by AD [2,3]. Phenol is a wide spread contaminant found in different industrial wastewaters generated from petroleum refineries, coal gasification, coking, and pharmaceutical plants. As a toxic and potentially carcinogenic chemical, the release of phenol into the environment is of great concern. To survive in the presence of phenol and degrade it, easily biodegradable organics such as glucose and sucrose were sometimes supplemented with phenol [4,5]. However, numerous reports have shown that anaerobic microorganisms can tolerate and utilize phenol as the sole carbon and energy source [2]. With the support of enzymes and intermediates detected, it was reported that phenol can be degraded by two pathways: 4-hydroxybenzoate into benzoyl-CoA and caproate to acetate [6–8]. In the reactor configuration being applied for phenol degradation, the early study focused on simple batch and completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operation. However, a high-rate reactor configuration such as an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) also has been used to handle high organic loading [3,9]. The inoculated granules were generally obtained from anaerobic digester plants treating various wastewater sources such as dairy wastewater [10], brewery wastewater [9], and tobacco wastewater [11]. Because these seeding sources have never been exposed to toxic chemicals, a change in the microbial community
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کلمات کلیدی:
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