دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین مکانیک straw bales از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
مکانیک straw bales برنامه های ساختمانی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Mechanics of straw bales for building applications
سال انتشار : 2017
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
In Europe, about 40% of natural resources are currently used in the construction and building industry [1]. Agricultural by-products can be used as a resource to reduce the environmental footprint of building materials and also provide supplementary income for harvesters. Apart from representing an agricultural by-product basically used for animal feed or litter, straw can be re-grown annually, and can be considered as a local building material with very few processing transformation steps and low fertilizer input. Over the past twenty years, the scientific interest in straw as a building material increased (Fig. 1) to develop this material from both the architectural and scientific points of view [2]. Construction rules regarding insulating materials have even been recently validated in several countries, such as in France [3] and the U.S.A. [4]. In the United Kingdom, some low-cost bale house concepts have been developed [5] and are now on the market [6]. These concepts use prefabricated straw and timber hybrid systems. Straw bales are generally made directly on the cereal field, just after the grain harvest. Three principal formats exist: round bales, small oblong bales of low to medium density (50–150 kg/m3 ) and large oblong bales with high densities ( > 150 kg/m3 ). For building, the straw bales are generally laid flat, by hand. Thus, the small bale is the most commonly used format, with a weight of barely more than 15 kg and maximal dimensions of approximately 40×50×100 cm. During harvesting of the cereal crop, the combine harvester collects the grains, and pours straw windrows onto the field. After an optional tedding step, baling consists of picking up the windrows and pressing the straw wisps together. In small balers, the wisps are picked up from the field and oriented by the feeding screw (Fig. 2). During the baling process, the main pressure is applied according to the long axis of the bale and is maintained at the desired compaction state by strings (generally two or three strings, made of thermoplastic polymer). Straw bales are currently considered as an insulation filling material for construction applications. In the so called hybrid systems, specific prefabricated panels are added to bear the load. However, some selfbuilders and municipalities are attracted by using the bale itself as load bearing structure in small building. Such load bearing structures are made up of vertical walls of straw bales laid flat and associated with horizontal timber frames. The timber frames and straw walls are held together with tensioning wires that also pre-stress the straw bales. This structure is sometimes supplemented with wooden bracing. The coating of such constructions can be made up of render (plaster, lime or earth) or timber cladding. The building generally has a maximum of
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کلمات کلیدی:
Straw-bale construction - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw-bale_construction Straw-bale construction is a building method that uses bales of straw as structural elements ..... Popular Mechanics, April 1960, pp. 130–131. Straw Bale Housing ... The Hidden Dangers of Straw Bale Gardening - The Grow Network ... thegrownetwork.com/hidden-dangers-straw-bale-gardening/ May 6, 2016 - Straw bale gardening can destroy your garden. A bold claim, but it's true. And the evidence is mounting. Straw bale gardens have taken off over ... The Pros and Cons of Straw Bale Wall Construction buildingwithawareness.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-straw-bale-wall-construction-in-gre... Following are some pros and cons of building a straw bale house. Like any building material, it is always best to evaluate your needs and your goals before ... Advances in Engineering Structures, Mechanics & Construction: ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1402048912 M. Pandey, Wei-Chau Xie, Lei Xu - 2007 - Science Brendon Taylor, Stephen Vardy and Colin MacDougall Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Abstract Straw-bale ... Compressive Strength Testing of Earthen Plasters For Straw Bale Wall ... link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/1-4020-4891-2_15 by B Taylor - 2006 - Cited by 12 - Related articles Advances in Engineering Structures, Mechanics & Construction pp 175-183. Compressive Strength Testing of Earthen Plasters For Straw Bale Wall Application. Popular Mechanics - Apr 1960 - Page 130 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?id=99sDAAAAMBAJ Vol. 113, No. 4 - Magazine The straw walls have not yet been covered over with stucco DESPITE THE NURSERY TALE, ... Bales of straw were piled on a concrete foundation to form walls. Essential Prefab Straw Bale Construction: The Complete Step-by-Step ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1550926144 Chris Magwood - 2016 - Architecture Analyzing a plastered straw bale wall as a stressed-skin panel is not an easy task, ... to develop a mathematical model based on fracture mechanics to describe ... Searches related to Mechanics of straw bales straw bale for sale straw bale construction straw bale house pros and cons straw bale house cost straw bale construction method straw bale house plans straw bale house pictures how to build a straw bale house step by step
