دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین مکانیسم ساختاری موسسات از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
مدیریت فرصت طلبی در موسسات مشترک بین المللی: نقش مکانیسم های ساختاری و اجتماعی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Managing opportunism in international joint ventures: The role of structural and social mechanisms
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Theoretical background and research hypotheses
2.1. Opportunism in IJVs Opportunism is one of the central assumptions of TCE, where it is believed that there is risk of opportunism from economic actors whenever such behaviour is feasible and profitable. In Williamson (1985, p. 47), opportunism is defined as “self-interest seeking with guile”, and it is manifested in acts like “incomplete or distorted disclosure of information, especially in calculated efforts to mislead, distort, disguise, obfuscate, or otherwise confuse”. In the same work, the author further argues that if the underlying attributes of the transaction, namely, asset specificity and uncertainty, are high for recurrent transactions, the risk of opportunism will be great enough to warrant replacing the market with a hierarchy. However, Hennart (1993, p. 531) articulates that when the output of agents becomes difficult to measure, the risk of opportunism will be great enough to warrant replacing the market with a hierarchy. This topic of opportunistic behaviour has also been associated with participation in IJVs. While the formation of an IJV reduces the incentives of agents to behave opportunistically by giving them residual rights to the profits of the IJV, the problem is only partially solved because partners suffer only partial penalties for their opportunistic behaviour due to the nature of their partial ownership (Hennart & Zeng, 2005; Zeng, 1998). Therefore in IJVs, the risk of opportunistic behaviour of partner firms is considered as pertinent rather than the exception. In IJV literature, opportunism is defined as “an act or behaviour performed by a party to seek its own unilateral gains at the substantial expense of another party and/or the JV entity” (Luo, 2007b, p. 41), and it is manifested in acts like withholding critical information, misrepresenting facts, shirking obligations, failing to keep promises, exploiting the partner dependence, contributing less than promised in IJVs, and stealing partner contributions (Hennart & Zeng, 2005; Luo, 2007a). Thus, TCE suggests that a partner firm in IJVs might pursue its own unilateral gains at the substantial expense of another partner and/or the JV entity (Luo, 2007b) and that the possibility of opportunism among IJV partners always exists (Zeng, 1998). Therefore, the risk of opportunism of IJV partner firms should be handled effectively to materialize the benefits of the IJVs (Hennart & Zeng, 2005)
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کلمات کلیدی:
Are joint venture partners more opportunistic in ... - Wiley Online Library onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.564/pdf by Y Luo - 2007 - Cited by 251 - Related articles Our analysis of 188 foreign joint ventures in an emerging market suggests that opportunism increases with information unverifiability and law unenforceability. International Joint Ventures - Wiley Encyclopedia of Management ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com › ... › Wiley Encyclopedia of Management › Abstract by CC Cui - Cited by 1 - Related articles Jan 21, 2015 - An international joint venture ( IJV ) refers to a co-operative operation formed by .... Madhok, A. (1995) Opportunism and trust in joint venture ... [PDF]Revisiting trust at the later stages of international Joint Ventures: The ... https://www.u-picardie.fr/eastwest/fichiers/art187.pdf by N Sklavounos - 2014 - Related articles international Joint Ventures: The role of longevity, interdependence and risk of opportunism. Nikolaos Sklavounos and Yannis A. Hajidimitriou. Department of ... International Joint Ventures: Theory and Practice https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1315501325 Aimin Yan, Yadong Luo - 2016 - Business & Economics Partner desire and competition for management control over the joint venture are ... that a joint venture sponsor can experience is partner opportunism. Religion, Opportunism, and International Market Entry via Non ... - JStor https://www.jstor.org/stable/25482181 by N Li - 2008 - Cited by 29 - Related articles propensity for opportunism, which in turn affects these managers' choices of their firms' international market entry via non-equity alliances or joint ventures.
