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عنوان فارسی مقاله:

موسسات مالی تعاونی و توسعه محلی در چین


عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Co-operative financial institutions and local development in China


سال انتشار : 2015



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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:

1. Introduction

Since the start of the market reforms in the late 1970s, China has witnessed rapid and sustained economic growth1 accompanied by substantially diversified livelihoods in both urban and rural areas. The transformations taking place in the Chinese economy and society during the recent decades cannot be separated from the dramatic change in the country’s financial system. This financial restructuring has resulted in a considerably diversified and expanded financial sector consisting of extensive national networks of both formal and informal financial service providers whose reach extend from urban to rural areas, and from coastal to more remote inland regions. Owned largely by the central or local state, the formal financial institutions have played an active and pivotal role in channelling resources to indigenous industries, including township and village enterprises (TVEs),2 that have driven the country’s rapid industrialisation (Bateman, 2010; Oi, 1999). One of the key elements of the shifting financial and developmental landscapes has been co-operative financing, represented in particular by the urban and rural credit co-operatives, and rural co-operative foundations. These co-operatives were founded at different points in time and were often based on egalitarian principles of mutuality, co-operation, community solidarity and cohesion, and provided a means of protecting their members from usurious loan sharks while at the same time promoting local development (Cheng, 2006). This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the processes, practices and implications of China’s financial restructuring in recent history by systematically charting the trajectory and dynamics of the co-operative financial landscape, and analysing the role it has played in China’s socioeconomic change. It pays particular attention to the leading financial co-operatives, namely rural credit co-operatives, urban credit co-operatives and rural co-operative foundations, together with a number of other formal and informal co-operative players which have emerged during the post-reform era, including rural mutual credit cooperatives, informal rotating savings and credit associations, and specialised farmer co-operatives. The paper begins by examining the development trajectory of rural credit co-operatives and other rural co-operative financial entities against the backdrop of China’s national development strategy and urban-rural relations. Section 3 analyses the vicissitudes.



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