دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین مدیریت پناهنده زیست محیطی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
شناخت و مدیریت پناهندگان زیست محیطی: مطالعه موردی از گورخر کوه کیپ
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Recognition and management of ecological refugees: A case study of the Cape mountain zebra
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Current protected area coverage Globally, protected areas are biased towards areas that have low value for human conversion for agriculture or development (“rock and ice” landscapes, Joppa and Pfaff, 2009). Given these biases, it is unsurprising that many species have distribution ranges that do not coincide with formally protected areas (Rodrigues et al., 2004a). In fact, over 92% of critically endangered fauna can be considered as ‘gap species’, as their ranges do not occur within any protected area (Rodrigues et al., 2004b). Many more species can be considered as ‘partial gap species’, where only a small proportion of their range is protected (Rodrigues et al., 2004b; Maiorano et al., 2006). Whilst inadequate range overlap with protected areas is a clear impediment to successful conservation, confinement of a species in poor quality or unsuitable habitat is an equal but often overlooked problem. Thus, a simple focus on protected area overlap with species' ranges may not be an appropriate measure of adequate protection. In addition to overlap, habitat suitability of protected populations needs to be considered. Species that are restricted or managed in marginal habitats may have poorer long-term prognosis than is apparent by evaluating protected area coverage. An extreme case is the ‘refugee species’ (Kerley et al., 2012), where anthropogenic pressures across a species' historical distribution leaves little available optimal habitat, and management interventions now restrict species to lower quality areas of their range where fitness is reduced. Whilst a gap species has a range that is absent from any protected area, a refugee species' range is con- fined to a protected area consisting of suboptimal or inappropriate habitat. The refugee concept builds on the ideal free distribution theory of habitat selection (Fretwell, 1972): population density will be highest in optimal habitats, but individuals will disperse into low quality habitat creating a gradient from high performing ‘source’ to low density ‘sink’ populations that are maintained by immigration from source populations (Pulliam, 1988) where reproduction and mortality rates vary across sites (Pulliam and Danielson, 1991). Habitat loss andfragmentation can lead to populations that are restricted to poor quality habitat. These populations will have a higher extinction risk than large, high-density populations in optimal habitats (Pulliam and Danielson, 1991), due to slow population growth rates and/or low population densities (Kerley et al., 2012). Convincing evidence for refugee status has been compiled for the European bison (Bison bonasus) and the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) (Kerley et al., 2012; Bocherens et al., 2015; González, 2015).
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کلمات کلیدی:
UNHCR - Refugees and the Environment www.unhcr.org/protection/environment/3b039f3c4/refugees-environment.html Jan 1, 2001 - UNHCR is aware of the potential environmental impact of refugees. ... refugee operations and to encourage management of natural resources ... [PDF]Environmental Management in Refugee Situations ... - ProAct Network www.proactnetwork.org/.../3.3.14.EnvironmentalManagementKigaliWorkshopReport... UNHCR Environmental Management in Refugee Situations Learning Workshop. 7th to 11th September, 2009. Kigali, Rwanda. Acknowledgements. INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8120346416 M. M. SULPHEY - 2012 - Business & Economics According to him, environmental refugees are: those people whohave beenforced to leavetheir traditional habitat, temporarily or permanently, because of a ... The Impact of Refugees on the Environment and Appropriate ... odihpn.org/.../the-impact-of-refugees-on-the-environment-and-appropriate-responses/ The impact of environmental deterioration on refugees and refugee-affected .... Conceptual concerns: sound environmental management is viewed as ... Library of Congress Subject Headings https://books.google.com/books?id=Jb-ppSa7uJAC 2003 - Subject headings, Library of Congress E75; UF Ecological libraries BT Scientific libraries Environmental literary criticism USE ... management Environmental migrants USE Environmental refugees ... Environment Management and Sustainable Development: Ecological ... hishmi.blogspot.com/2012/01/ecological-refugees-of-tehri-dam-and.html Jan 2, 2012 - Ecological Refugees of Tehri Dam and their Problems. Annually, the lives and livelihoods of nearly ten million people across the globe are ... Searches related to management of ecological refugees sustainable environmental management pdf sustainable environmental management principles and practice sustainable environmental management definition sustainable environmental management ppt unhcr
