دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین مدیریت نوآوری تولید کننده از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
مدیریت نوآوری تحت فشار رقابتی از تولیدکنندگان غیر رسمی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Managing innovation under competitive pressure from informal producers
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
4. The data
This paper makes use of the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey data. The Enterprise Survey makes use of an extensive questionnaire that is administered in a number of different countries, mostly developing countries. While the core questionnaire typically does not include questions on innovation activities, for a number of African and Latin American countries, the manufacturing module of the Enterprise Survey included in 2006 some questions directly related with innovation outcomes (see Krammer (2016) for a recent contribution that uses the same data, focusing on the Sub-Saharan African subsample). The questionnaire also included questions providing information on up to what degree practices of firms in the informal sector represented an important obstacle to firm activities. The list of countries that include data on both innovation and informal sector practices are: Angola, Argentina, Bolivia, Botswana, Burundi, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ecuador, El Salvador, Gambia, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Honduras, Mauritania, Mexico, Namibia, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Rwanda, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, and Uruguay. In all cases, the survey year was 2006, and the total number of firms surveyed is 8163. However, due to the existence of missing values in some of the variables, the final number of observations may vary in some of the specifications whose estimated coefficients are reported below. Regarding innovation outcomes, the questionnaire includes questions on whether the firm introduced any new or signifi- cantly improved products or services, and any new or significantly improved production processes within the three years prior to the survey. These questions are similar to those included in the Community Innovation Survey questionnaires. Concerning competitive pressure from other firms, formal or informal, the firm is asked to report how many competitors it faces in the market for its product or service, and the options are none, one, two to five, and more than five. Measuring more specifically competitive pressure from informal producers, the firm is requested to rank in a 0 to 4 scale how much of an obstacle are the informal sector competitors to the firm’s operations. Additionally, the questionnaire requests the firm to indicate what is the first, second, and third most important obstacles to firm operations, with one of the options being competition from informal producers. Table 1 presents the definitions of the variables used in the empirical analysis, distinguishing between dependent, independent, and control variables. As controls, we use variables that account for observable firm characteristics, such as size, belonging to a group of firms, firm age, or the proportion of the firm’s revenues coming from foreign markets. Additionally, in all specification we have included a full set of country dummies, as well as sector dummies, following the classification of firms into the following manufacturing sectors: Textiles, Garments, Food, Metals and Machinery, Electronics, Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals, Non-metallic and Plastic Materials, and Other Manufacturing.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Innovation management - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation_management Innovation management is a combination of the management of innovation processes, and ..... Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms ... Managing Innovation and Change - Page 211 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1848605137 David Mayle - 2006 - Business & Economics Up till now we have been considering the 4Ps framework in the context of mapping innovation under what might be termed 'steady state' conditions, in which ... Managing Innovation Adoption: From Innovation to Implementation https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1317101537 Majharul Talukder - 2016 - Business & Economics The fourth variable under individual factors is image. This refers to the degree to which the use of innovation enhances one's image within an organization. Ads Oracle Product Innovation - Managing Your Portfolio Adgo.oracle.com/Innovation/Guide Best Practices in Innovation with Oracle. Start Learning Via a Guide! Learn to Manage Ideas · Growth through Innovation · Key Questions to Ask · Download Free Guide Services: Supply Chain in the Cloud, SCM Cloud Apps, Logistics & Fulfillment, PLM & Innovation Mgmt, Supply Chain Planning, Manufacturing Cloud, Order Management, Procurement, Maintenance Management Oracle Innovation MgmtInnovation ManagementProduct Information Mgmt Best Practices For Innovation - Strategy, Process, Management Adwww.newmarketsadvisors.com/InnovationGuide 8 Steps To Make Your Company More Innovative. Download Our Guide Innovation experts · Diverse client base · Practical recommendations · Senior-level teams Jobs to be Done ResearchOur ClientsInnovation CapabilitiesContactWhat We Do
