دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین مدل سازی حمل و نقل از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
چالش ها و نیازهای تحقیقاتی آینده به سمت مدل سازی حمل و نقل باری بین المللی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Challenges and future research needs towards international freight transport modelling
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی :
The requirements towards international freight transport models are complex: they need to include various modes of transport such as rail, road, air, inland waterways and sea. They also need to cover different industries with their different dynamics and structures, covering short lived fashion as well as slow moving bulk goods like iron ore, for example. International freight transport models need to consider seasonality of supply and demand of goods, demographic parameters, economic developments, technological developments and their impact on production processes and structures, resources needed and markets covered, geographical boundaries and trade agreements, just to mention some of the central aspects. Additional complexity in modelling international freight transport is the result of the involvement of freight flows within countries as well as freight flows between the considered countries and their related interfaces. Furthermore it needs to reflect the interrelation between various transports and transport chains. To cope with this complexity, two approaches for the development of international freight models can be distinguished: a micro approach and a macro approach. Whereas the micro approach links existing national freight models to generate an international “meta”- model, the macro approach builds a generic on international model based on international trade models. Linking national freight models, the micro approach, seems to be straight-forward at first sight. It is not without problems though and some prerequisites are to be met for a successful integration of the different national freight models into one encompassing international model: models which are to be linked need to be based on comparable parameters, data formats, a similar logic and network structures. This also includes the use of the same granularity of data. In other words: these models need to focus on the same central purpose, they need to endeavour to answer the same core questions and they need to include the same choices and transport modes. Furthermore, they need to apply compatible structures and work with similar data structure for in—and output. An alternative approach to linking national models is the development of a communication structure between the individual national models based on data exchange interfaces. This approach links the output and input parameters of the individual national models provided to each other. Also this approach requires compatibility of input and output data, same transport modes included, same period of analysis. Furthermore, even if not a prerequisite for a technical solution, these models linked by interfaces need to answer the same core question and need to be based on compatible logical structures in order for any outcome of the modelling to be meaningful. A fully identical structure is not necessary though.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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