دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین متد نوین تشخیص حوادث در دیگ بخار از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
متد نوین تشخیص حوادث در دیگهای بخار و گاز ترکیبی: بررسی امکان سنجی از یک سنسور صوتی منفعل
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
A novel method of determining events in combination gas boilers: Assessing the feasibility of a passive acoustic sensor
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Approximately 72% of energy consumption in the domestic environment is done so in gas-boilers for the purposes of domestic central heating (DCH) and domestic hot water (DHW) production [4]. Being such a large contributor to domestic energy consumption, gas-boilers have received significant attention from policy makers and researchers alike. In accordance to the UK Government's CO2 target of an 80% reduction in emissions by 2050 [28], amongst other actions, policy makers have modified building regulations [11] so that boilers installed after 2006 are required to have a SEDBUK [2] efficiency of 88% or above. In addition to policy changes, many researchers look to evaluate environmental or behavioural interventions designed to reduce DCH and/or DHW consumption. To evaluate such interventions it is necessary to accurately monitor changes in disaggregated operational energy consumption, often in field trials. Measuring energy consumed for DCH in field trials has however proven a challenge, as Hong et al. [12] note: due to the “… high cost associated with sophisticated fuel-use monitoring equipment required for different types of heating system and the complexity of its installation”. Estimates of DCH energy use have been made in a number of studies by subtracting the summer fuel load from the winter fuel load [12,36]. These methods however require more than one years' worth of data and assume no variation occurs for nonspace heating energy use between seasons. Other studies, such as Martin and Watson [22] and Love [23], used temperature sensors on flow pipes or radiators and relate temperature increases to boiler firing. These methods however miss short burner cycles and burner modulation. If methods were available that could accurately detect burner duration and modulation, space heating energy consumption estimates would be more accurate. In addition to the above, it is well established that unnecessary cycling of boilers is undesirable [24]. Frequent on/off cycles, for example, cause boilers to operate at efficiencies “well below (their)full-load bench value” [38]. This issue has been observed in practice, for example Ren et al. [32] note “Space heating systems cycled more frequently than anticipated due to a tight range of room thermostat settings and potentially oversized heating capacities.” Likewise a survey of 35 non-residential buildings revealed that “all of the installed heating capacity was oversized by a minimum of 30% …” [21]. Furthermore unnecessary cycling causes additional wear and tear on components. These problems can be due to oversizing [10], incorrect return flow temperature sensor settings, inadequate boiler modulation ranges etc. Data on cycling rates and boiler modulation could thus help identify potential issues causing efficiency losses. Thus to accurately evaluate interventions designed to reduce demand, new field-trial applicable methods are required that can accurately measure operational burner duration for space heating purposes. Additionally such methods could be used to provide data on operational boiler cycling behaviour and help identify potential efficiency losses due to setup, design and/or sizing issues
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کلمات کلیدی:
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