دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین مانع ورود زنان به حرفه مهندسی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تهدید Stereotype به عنوان یک مانع برای ورود زنان به حرفه مهندسی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Stereotype threat as a barrier to women entering engineering careers
سال انتشار : 2017
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله مانع ورود زنان به حرفه مهندسی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
Women in Engineering Fields
The primary focus of SCCT-based research has been self-efficacy. Because self-efficacy concerns judgments about ability to perform particular tasks, the mediating effect of self-efficacy has been studied in beliefs about careers appropriate for one’s identity. As an example, Betz and Hackett (1981) posited that women are less likely to pursue traditionally male-dominated fields, ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT believing they do not have the capabilities. According to Betz and Hackett, women experience vicarious learning that results in sex-role stereotyping, a lack of exposure to performance accomplishments, and a lack of verbal persuasion or encouragement from others. Alternatively, men report higher math/science self-efficacy, more positive outcome expectancies related to pursuing a math or science career, and more parental involvement than do women. Women, in contrast, perceive greater barriers to pursuing a career in math or science than do men (ByarsWinston & Fouad, 2008). Similar results have been found among women in introductory STEM courses (Hardin & Longhurst, 2016), where women reported less self-efficacy toward their success in STEM classes and lower interest in obtaining a STEM degree. Likewise, Inda and colleagues (2013), found that second-year Spanish female engineering students reported significantly less self-efficacy than did their male classmates, resulting in less interest in academic and scientific activities. Self-efficacy beliefs account for the majority of influence on interests and development of goals related to pursuing a career (Bandura, 1977, Lent et al., 2001, 2003), and predict engineering persistence intentions and career goals across numerous studies among engineering students (Inda et al., 2013; Lee, et al., 2015; Lent, Lopez, Lopez, & Sheu, 2008; Lent, Sheu, et al., 2008; Lent et al., 2003, 2014; Lent, Sheu, Gloster, & Wilkins, 2010). Therefore, identifying variables to help explain decreases in self-efficacy beliefs among women in engineering seems vital for reducing attrition
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله مانع ورود زنان به حرفه مهندسی اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
Engineering: not for girls? | Guardian Careers | The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com › Lifestyle › Diversity Dec 20, 2012 - The UK has fewer female engineers than anywhere else in Europe. Now ... to inspire the next cohort of young women to enter the profession. Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics ... www.catalyst.org/.../women-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem Dec 9, 2016 - A statistical overview of women's education, employment, and ... over a third (38%) quit engineering or never even entered the profession.6 ... Strategies To Help Women Thrive In STEM Careers | Fast Company https://www.fastcompany.com/1841608/strategies-help-women-thrive-stem-careers Jun 29, 2012 - That year, 18.1 percent of engineering bachelors went to women, and a look at ... positions or they were leaving them shortly after entering. Searches related to women entering engineering careers best engineering jobs for females female computer engineer salary famous female computer engineer how do other people feel about girls being in the stem program percentage of female computer science majors famous female software engineers female in computer science why are there so few female computer scientists
