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عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Evaluating the effects of the latest change in Spanish port legislation: Another ‘‘turn of the screw’’ in port reform?
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Since the late 1980s, a radical revolution has been taking place worldwide regarding the traditional role of seaports (hereinafter ‘ports’) as critical nodes integrated into logistics supply chains (Brooks, 2004; Brooks and Cullinane, 2007). In an attempt to adapt to a changing environment defined by the current expansion of global trade, continuous economic changes, far-reaching technological development and progressively more regionalized systems (see e.g., Notteboom and Winkelmans, 2001; Woo et al., 2012), governments, public management agencies and port authorities (PAs) have shown a strong interest in applying multi-dimensional reforms to the port sector (Brooks and Cullinane, 2007). As the literature highlights, reforms have taken place in many ports with similar key objectives, e.g., to improve productivity by providing specialized services (Musso et al., 2001); to obtain financial autonomy and economic benefits through competition (Notteboom and Winkelmans, 2001); to rationalize port structures and reduce bureaucracy in decision-making and to reduce the role of the government in port operations (Pallis et al., 2010, 2011); to become more business-orientated in the face of growing demands, while also reducing costs (Slack and Fre´mont, 2005), and, as Chen (2009) and Woo et al. (2012), among many others, state, to deregulate the labor market and introduce business-based criteria to attract private capital and reduce needs for public investment, and to facilitate integration between different social and spatial levels. Therefore, the global markets’ demand for competitiveness has forced the shipping industry and PAs to make greater efforts to implement institutional modernization strategies and equip the ports with new levels of efficiency, capacity and investment. The World Bank Port Reform Toolkit (World Bank, 2007) contains a set of recommendations in this respect that are based on a devolution process where port policy-makers would gradually move away from full direct public management toward an autonomous hybrid regime of mixed forms of ownership; the ports’ operational responsibility would be transferred to local/decentralized public/ private entities, and private capital and management incorporated into the operation of ports and terminals. A ‘new port culture’ has developed through different but equivalent reform mechanisms – decentralization, devolution, liberalization, deregulation, corporatization, commercialization, privatization and competition (Cullinane et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2012) – that have impacted on conventionalorganization and management, traditional concepts (Bichou and Gray, 2005) and port classification, reshaping the usual models of port governance and ownership structure (Pallis et al., 2010). In a true ‘centripetal movement’ these port reform processes have resulted in the governance model that currently dominates port administration being the so-called ‘Landlord Port’. Of the four types of port organization, which are classified by their relative levels of private and public ownership and operation, this is the form that is most widely promoted by the World Bank (World Bank, 2007). The concept of the Landlord Port involves a public authority owning and maintaining the land and infrastructure (as ports have the characteristics of a public good, with the responsibility to remain in the public interest (Chen, 2009). The public authority then leases these to private operators as a concession, with equipment and operations (fully or partially) in the hands of private companies (see e.g., Brooks and Cullinane, 2007; Cullinane et al., 2002 and Xiao et al., 2012, for an approximation to this popular option of port governance in its various forms).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Critical Factors for Berth Productivity in Container Terminal https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9811024316 Bo Lu, Shouyang Wang - 2016 - Business & Economics ... Trujillo L (2015) Public-private partnerships in Spanish Ports: current status and ... (2015) Evaluating the effects of the latest change in Spanish port legislation: ... Spanish port strikes set for March | Container Management container-mag.com/2017/02/28/spanish-port-strikes-set-march/ Feb 28, 2017 - Spanish port workers had previously planned a three-day strike in February ... In December 2014, the ECJ ruled that Spanish legislation on dock labour, ... (US$13.3m) last year for failing to implement changes, also adding a ... An analysis of recent changes in Spanish Coastal Law - Journal of ... www.jcronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2112/SI70-076.1 by V Negro - 2014 - Cited by 5 - Related articles An analysis of recent changes in Spanish Coastal Law. 448 ... Coastal and Port Environment and ... domain regulation depended on existing port laws that were. An analysis of recent changes in Spanish Coastal Law | Journal of ... doi.org/10.2112/si70-076.1 Feb 21, 2014 - ABSTRACT. Negro, V., López-Gutiérrez, J.S., Esteban, M.D., Matutano, C., 2014. An analysis of recent changes in Spanish Coastal Law. Issues in Urban Policy and Planning: 2013 Edition https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1490110917 2013 - Technology & Engineering Have. Spanish. port. sector. reforms. during. the. last. two. decades. been ... evolution of the port management model in Spain has been marked by three legislative ... changes upon the economic efficiency of the Spanish Port Authorities during ... Spanish ports strike - Maersk Line www.maerskline.com/en-bs/countries/int/news/news.../02/disruption-at-algeciras Mar 1, 2017 - LATEST: Port strike called off following rejection of the law by ... to reform the Spanish Ports Act and change the existing labour system in ports ... Spanish ports strike - Safmarine www.safmarine.com/en/news-and-advisories/customer.../03/.../spanish-ports-strike Mar 1, 2017 - LATEST: Port strike called off following rejection of the law by ... to reform the Spanish Ports Act and change the existing labour system in ports ...
