دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین فروش اولیه سرمایه گذاری از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تاثیر تفسیر ذهنی، علت و تاثیرگذاری در فروش اولیه سرمایه گذاری
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Influence of subjective interpretation, causation, and effectuation on initial venture sale
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Theory and hypotheses
2.1. Role of subjective interpretation in strategic decision making Entrepreneurs often take strategic actions in response to a subjective interpretation of an uncertain and complex environment. According to Dutton and Jackson (1987), individuals give meaning to ambiguous situations by categorizing them using strategic issue labels. The labels then serve as an address for a cognitive category. Such category-consistent information is easier to recall, and when individuals have incomplete information about situations or events, category-consistent information can fill these gaps. Categorization using strategic labels is useful in situations, such as new ventures, where information may have multiple and conflicting meanings. The interpretation of this information shapes the strategic response to the environment. The present study posits that strategic issues research is of particular relevance for entrepreneurship because entrepreneurs typically face extensive ambiguity and uncertainty (i.e. reflected in incomplete and equivocal information) in pursuing their operations and tend to rely on cognitive biases and heuristics when interpreting their external environment (Alvarez & Busenitz, 2001). From such a perspective, categorizing situations provides a heuristic (a cue) that entrepreneurs can use to simplify information. Entrepreneurs tend to compare stimuli with prototypes that are idealized representations of the most typical member of a category and thus represent attributes with high cue validity (Baron, 2006). Dutton and Jackson note that decision makers at the highest levels tend to interpret ambiguous environments as either opportunities or threats. According to this research, attributes with high cue validity for issues categorized as opportunities are “gains” and “controllable.” Similarly, attributes with high cue validity for issues categorized as threats are “losses” and “uncontrollable.” Interpreting the external environment as being controllable/uncontrollable and as gains/losses is relevant to how entrepreneurs execute and act using causation and effectuation logic. Controllable situations increase confidence in strategic actions, and greater perceptions of discretion in managing resources or resolving strategic actions. Conversely, uncontrollable situations relate to perceptions of less control of one's actions and greater perceptions of strategic challenges (Jackson & Dutton, 1988). An issue labeled as a potential gain has an association with more risk-averse actions than one labeled as a potential loss (Chattopadhyay, Glick, & Huber, 2001). The argument claims that individuals subjectively value avoiding losses more than experiencing gains. In other words, people risk more to avoid a loss of a particular amount than they risk to gain the same amount (Dutton & Jackson, 1987). The following section integrates the theories on strategic interpretations with entrepreneurial strategic approaches, that is, causation and effectuation. The premise is that certain strategic interpretations work better with certain entrepreneurial decision making to increase the likelihood of initial sales. An entrepreneur's perception of control/uncontrol moderates the relationship between causation and the likelihood of venture success. Similarly, the extent to which an entrepreneur labels an environment as representing gain/loss moderates the relationship between effectuation and the likelihood of venture success.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Research paper: Influence of subjective interpretation, causation, and ... https://www.researchgate.net/.../303440232_Influence_of_subjective_interpretation_cau... References, authors & citations for 'Influence of subjective interpretation, causation, and effectuation on initial venture sale' on ResearchGate. Influence of subjective interpretation, causation, and ... - EconBiz https://www.econbiz.de/.../influence-of-subjective-interpretation-causation...effectuati... Influence of subjective interpretation, causation, and effectuation on initial venture sale. Vinit Parida, Nerine Mary George, Tom Lahti, Joakim Wincent ... Influence of subjective interpretation, causation, and effectuation on ... https://haris.hanken.fi/.../influence-of-subjective-interpretation-causation-and-effectua... May 20, 2016 - Influence of subjective interpretation, causation, and effectuation on initial venture sale. Publication: Contribution to journal › A1 Refereed ... Influence of subjective interpretation, causation, and ... - DeepDyve https://www.deepdyve.com/.../influence-of-subjective-interpretation-causation-and-eff... Read "Influence of subjective interpretation, causation, and effectuation on initial venture sale, Journal of Business Research" on DeepDyve, the largest online ... Comparative Causal Mapping: The CMAP3 Method https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1472439953 Mr Mingde Wang, Professor Mauri Laukkanen - 2015 - Business & Economics To some extent, such assessments and their outcome can be influenced by ... some subjective interpretation of the situation occurs and influences what and ... Causation and Laws of Nature - Page 181 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1134150687 Max Kistler - 2006 - Philosophy Such a subjective interpretation of probability is incompatible with the project we ... over the hypothesis that it is the coin that exerts a causal influence on the die. Weber - Duke Sociology www.soc.duke.edu/~jmoody77/TheoryNotes/Weber_sundry.htm Action is relates to how an actor attaches 'subjective meaning' to his behavior ... and actors in part orient their action to them and can thus have causal influence. Probability Theory: The Logic of Science https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1139435167 E. T. Jaynes, G. Larry Bretthorst - 2003 - Science Even though performing the later draw does not physically affect the number Mk of ... by trying to interpret a probability P (A | B) as expressing some kind of partial causal ... interpretation and a subjective interpretation in terms of our incomplete ...
