دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین عوامل موثر اجتماعی بر جنایت از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
عوامل موثر اجتماعی اقتصادی بر جرم و جنایت در پاکستان: شواهد جدید در یک بحث قدیمی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
The Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime in Pakistan: New Evidence on an Old Debate
سال انتشار : 2015
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The swift increase in criminal activities in various parts of the world has generated the economics of crimes. Criminality originates from the Latin word “Crimen” which is presented as a social issue that cannot be ruled out from the individual’s life. The jealousy of Cain appeared in the murder of Abel (the sons of Adam and Eve) that resulted in the first crime in the history of mankind (Gillani, Mahmood, Rehman & Rashid, 2008). Crimes always create distortions and discomfort in every society which results in the feelings of insecurity among people of a specific society. Simply crime is the wrongdoing, as it is an attempt to get something for nothing, or the commission of an act forbidden by law. The economics of crimes started with Becker’s (1968) work that interacts with different fields like criminology, sociology, geography and demography (Buonanno, 2003). In 1930’s, criminologists presented the theory stating that unemployment could be a major cause of crime. Merton (1938) offered a social theory that people commit crimes when society sets goals for its members, as making money to purchase material goods, but also createsbarriers to those achievements. A person is less likely to commit a crime when there are substantial rewards and when he enjoys respect in the society they belong to. Crime is a negative externality which imposes the huge economic and social cost on both government and people of the country. Some criminologists and economists indicate that inequitable distribution of resources compels the individuals to adopt the criminal behaviour (Brush, 2007). Many approaches were used to determine the economics of crimes, which may differ from a country to another. According to Alexandros & Nikolaos (2010), there is a persistent rise in the criminal activities in the developed nations as well as in the western world through the last decades. As far as the cost and benefits are concerned, economists consider the behaviour of criminals as the rational choice. They choose the best alternatives by doing the cost and benefit analysis of the legal and illegal choices open for them. The major focus of economists is on the economic factors that determine the crimes in a society (Kustepli & Onel, 2006). The appropriate actions for the reduction and prevention of crimes rates have become a major issue for every country. The above discussion confirms that the economic deprivation is the most important causal determinants of crimes in most of the countries. Therefore, it is logical that the economic hardship causes crimes rates to increase. It is also the fact that there is a relationship between the crime rates and the state of economy. An economic approach to understanding the criminal behaviour is an effective tool for dealing with the problem of crimes. The present study tests this relationship in the context of Pakistan over the period of 1972-2011. As in Pakistan, crime rate has increased manifold owing to different economic and social factors.
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کلمات کلیدی:
PDF]Socio-economic Determinants of Crime: An ... - EconJournals.com www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/viewFile/3504/pdf International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues | Vol 7 • Issue 1 • 2017. 312. Socio-economic Determinants of Crime: An Empirical Study of. Pakistan. [PDF]The Socioeconomic Determinants of Crime. A Review of ... - CiteSeerX citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.504.2832&rep=rep1... by P Buonanno - Cited by 57 - Related articles The Socioeconomic Determinants of Crime. A Review of the Literature. Paolo Buonanno*. Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. Abstract. Starting from ... [PDF]Identifying the Socio-economic Determinants of Crime in diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/11970/1/138.pdf by P Buonanno - 2005 - Related articles Col·lecció d'Economia. Identifying the Socioeconomic Determinants of Crime across Spanish Provinces. Paolo Buonanno. Department of Economic Studies. [PDF]Demographic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Crimes in Nigeria ... www.na-businesspress.com/JABE/Jabe111/GodwinWeb.pdf by DG Omotor - Cited by 10 - Related articles Two most mentioned socioeconomic problems in recent times are crime and ... crime modestly sets to empirically identify economic determinants of individual's ... [PDF]The effect of socio-economic determinants on crime rates: An ... users.uom.gr/~drits/publications/Criminality_in_Greece__English.pdf by N Dritsakis - Cited by 12 - Related articles function of the justice system and some of their socio-economic determinants in ... Keywords: crimes, socioeconomic determinants, Greece, Cointegration, Error. The effect of socioeconomic factors on crime rates in Romania: a ... www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1331677X.2017.1305790 by OR Lobonţ - 2017 Apr 7, 2017 - Abstract. The article outlines the need to identify appropriate explanations for various acts of deviant behaviour, mental illness and violent ... Searches related to Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime socio economic causes of crime the socioeconomic determinants of crime. a review of the literature social determinants of crime risk factors for crime socioeconomic status and crime statistics three factors that cause crime google scholar
