دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین عناصر بتن پیش تنیده با استحکام از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
گیاه بر پایه LCA عناصر بتن پیش تنیده با استحکام بالا و ارزیابی اکولوژیکی عملی مختلف
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
A plant based LCA of high-strength prestressed concrete elements and the assessment of a practical ecological variant
سال انتشار : 2016
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله عناصر بتن پیش تنیده با استحکام اینجا کلیک نمایید.
مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
In general, the construction industry unfortunately is among the largest consumers of materials and energy, and it is a significant polluter [1]. Especially concrete, the world's second most consumed material after water [2], contributes to this pollution, since every year about 25 billion tonnes of concrete are produced worldwide [3]. Within concrete as a material, cement is an essential component, and is applied in large amounts as well. In 2014 the global production of cement was 4.3 billion tonnes [4]. The production of one tonne of cement requires about 1.5 tonnes of raw material and about 4000e7500 MJ of energy. Additionally, each tonne of cement involves the emission of approximately one tonne of CO2 [5]. For typical normal strength concrete mixes using Portland cement as the only binder, the Portland cement is found to be the primary source of CO2 emissions, being responsible for 74%e81% of total CO2 emissions for concrete production. Subsequently coarse aggregates are the next major source of CO2 emissions, contributing to 13%e 20% of the total CO2 emissions [6]. This environmental impact of concrete has become an important issue in the industrial world for the reason that many major infrastructure owners require environmentally sustainable designs, and many customers consider different ecological options with a critical view. As a response, more and more product manufacturers using concrete as raw material provide environmental product declarations (EPDs) and develop the capabilities necessary to manage sustainability [7]. In this respect, it is clear that the various branches in the construction sector are concerned about the environmental impact of their activities. This is the case for a Belgian producer of high-strength prestressed concrete elements for structural and civil applications, for whom in this paper a life cycle assessment (LCA) study is presented. The LCA evaluates the possible environmental footprint and the applied resources in the company, starting from the raw materials, over the production and use phase, up to the waste and recycling phases [8]. The choice for the LCA method derives from the fact thatLCA is recognized as an innovative methodology which improves sustainability throughout all stages of a products life cycle. It has a broad international acceptance as a means to improve environmental processes and services [9]. The introduction of LCA in the construction industry is of significant importance since the system is capable of measuring each ecological impact systematically and objectively [10]. Although, next to LCA, there are several other interesting options such as parametric associative models [11] or eco-cost/value models [12,13], these models seem not yet suffi- ciently developed to assess sustainability.
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله عناصر بتن پیش تنیده با استحکام اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
Green Concrete: Optimization Of High-Strength Concrete Based On LCA https://www.concrete.org/publications/getarticle.aspx?m=icap&pubID=51688594 Keywords: concrete; durability; ecology; life cycle assessment; life cycle inventory; impact assessment ... structural properties of reinforced and prestressed concrete, mechanical aspects of ..... The ecological variant is composed by reinforcement steel ... The three fabricated types are beams, TT-elements and floor slabs. Cement & concrete composites - Engineering - Terkko Navigator https://www.terkko.helsinki.fi/cement-concrete-composites A plant based LCA of high-strength prestressed concrete elements and the assessment of a practical ecological variant. 204 daysCement & concrete composites. Feed Navigator - Your River of Science - RSS Feeds to Fulltext Articles https://www.terkko.helsinki.fi/feednavigator/?num=0&j=5126 A plant based LCA of high-strength prestressed concrete elements and the assessment of a practical ecological variant · Cement & concrete composites, 194 ... Trinity+twenty-five years - Jun 1970 - Page 2 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?id=KAcAAAAAMBAJ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists - Vol. 26, No. 6 - Magazine On the contrary, the problems of the nuclear age with all its socio- economic - political .... There was an element of fantasy in their lives which was reflected by the ...... This immediately led to speculation as to their possible practical application, ...... and the first in the world to use a prestressed concrete cylinder both as a ... Earthquake engineering - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_engineering Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and .... Moreover, there is research-based finite element analysis platforms such as ... in the light of new findings, and practical application of the developed theories. ..... Prestressed concrete is a kind of reinforced concrete used for overcoming ... Civil & Environmental Engineering (CEE) < Lehigh University catalog.lehigh.edu/courselisting/cee/ Environmental life cycle analysis and environmental policy. ... CEE 272 Environmental Risk Assessment 2 Credits ... the concepts of planning and systems analysis in the design of practical engineering works. .... CEE 365 Prestressed Concrete 3 Credits ... CEE 366 Finite Element Method in Structural Engineering 3 Credits.
