دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین عملکرد نوآوری محصول صادراتی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
انواع سرمایه داری، عملکرد نوآوری و تحول علم در جهت محصولات صادراتی: تجزیه و تحلیل پانل
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Varieties of capitalism, innovation performance and the transformation of science into exported products: A panel analysis
سال انتشار : 2017
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Literature review and theoretical background
Hall and Soskice (2001) unambiguously argue that MMEs are at a disadvantage compared to LMEs or CMEs because they lack the institutional coherence of either LME or CME institutions. They suggest that LMEs have a comparative advantage in radical innovation performance (e.g., the USA) and that CMEs have a comparative advantage in incremental innovation (e.g., Germany) because of their national institutional coherence. In other words, the MME lacks the international institutional coherence found either in the USA or Germany. Therefore, the MME underperforms in both radical and incremental innovation performance (Hall and Soskice, 2001). In other words, the MME has aspects of the LME and CME but is not fully either type. Its hybrid nature makes it an inconsistent and inefficient form of capitalism and thus unable to attain a comparative advantage. Yet, is it always the case that the MME underperforms in any type of innovation performance, even when using multiple measures of innovation performance and levels of analysis? Before testing this view, we introduce central concepts at the outset. 2.1. Institutions and Innovation Within the context of innovation, national institutions constitute and constrain strategic behaviour (Whitely and Morgan, 2012). This implies that national institutional mechanisms govern business activities by enabling or constraining innovation. Two distinct types of national institutions are formal rules and laws and informal values and norms (North, 1991). Specifically, the VoC literature rests on four main institutional categories and their complementarities (coherence): (a) corporate governance, (b) corporate financing, (c) industrial relations (labour market) and (d) inter-firm relationships (Hall and Soskice, 2001). A subsequent section elaborates on these main elements for a better understanding of the link between institutions and performance (Allen, 2013; Kenworthy, 2006; Schneider et al., 2010). Thus, national institutional coherence is seen to precede national innovation performance. The notion of innovation in the current context refers to a distinction between product and process innovation. A product innovation represents a new or improved good or service, whereas a process innovation represents a new technological or organizational method of producing goods and services (Edquist, 2005: p182). Other scholars adopt a similar definition of innovation (Allen et al., 2006). For our purpose, there is no need to make a distinction because products and processes or methods of innovation exist together in the outcome of performance measures in high R&D industry sectors (aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments and electrical machinery). For instance, in biotechnology and other types of science-driven innovation, publications and patents contain both methodological and product innovations (Kodama and Branscomb, 1999).
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کلمات کلیدی:
"Varieties of Capitalism" in - Wiley Online Library onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0377/pdf by PA Hall - Cited by 21 - Related articles Scholarship on varieties of capitalism (VofC) explores the ways in which the insti- ... is one best route to superior economic performance, a number of schemas have ... basis for innovation, the determinants of social policy, the grounds for ... [PDF]1 An Introduction to Varieties of Capitalism - LSE www.lse.ac.uk/government/whosWho/.../Hall-Soskice-Intro-VoC-2001.pdf by PA Hall - Cited by 4580 - Related articles ences in the pace or character of innovation be explained? Some are ... What are the trade-offs in terms of economic performance to developing one ..... This varieties of capitalism approach to the political economy is actor- centered, which is ... [PDF]Innovative Business Models and Varieties of Capitalism - Financial ... fiid.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Lazonick-IBMVOC-20121112.pdf by W Lazonick - 2010 - Cited by 106 - Related articles Nov 12, 2012 - Innovative Business Models and Varieties of Capitalism: ... inequity and instability in U.S. economic performance over the past three decades. [PDF]'Coordinated Market Economies'? https://www.rug.nl/staff/b.los/aclpaperrevsubmitted.pdf by D Akkermans - Cited by 111 - Related articles innovation, while “coordinated market economies” focus more on incremental innovation. Mark. Zachary ... determined by the “varieties of capitalism” prevailing in these countries (Hall & Soskice, 2001).1. In “liberal .... economic performance. Searches related to Varieties of capitalism, innovation performance varieties of capitalism criticism varieties of capitalism summary varieties of capitalism essay coordinated market economy vs liberal market economy varieties of capitalism: the institutional foundations of comparative advantage difference between lme and cme scholar
