دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین عامل تحریک عمومی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
عامل تحریک عموم چیست؟ قدرت هنجارهای اجتماعی در تحریک مشارکت عمومی با سازمان ها
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
What motivates the public? The power of social norms in driving public participation with organizations
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Method
This study employed a between-subjects experiment in which a total of 186 participants were randomly assigned into control, social norm, market norm with low payment, and market norm with high payment conditions. Operationalization of type of norms was based on previous studies, which usually adopted small gifts to activate the social norm. They were usually chosen by prior researchers as the key to the social norm is to effectively express one’s appreciation to participants in a short period of time without initiating their feelings or thoughts associated with monetary payment. Therefore, small gifts such as candy are ideal stimuli in lab experiments due to their abilities to convey one’s gratitude and ignorable prices (Ariely, 2009). The market norm, on the other hand, emphasizes the benefits one gets for his/her contributions in the form of payment. Therefore, cash paymentis usually employed as the most effective experimental stimulus for activating the market norm (Heyman & Ariely, 2004). Hence, this study operationalized the social norm using greeting cards and the market norm using cash payment. 2.1. Participants Participants were recruited from eight undergraduate courses in a mass communications program at an accredited university in Central Pennsylvania. Students earned extra credit for their participation. A power analysis was conducted to determine the appropriate sample size for the study using G*power (Faul, Erdfelder, Buchner, & Lang, 2009), indicating that 180 participants were needed to achieve the power of 0.80 (Cohen, 1992). One hundred eighty-six participants successfully completed the study. The sample included 146 females (78.5%), with the average age of 20.2 (SD = 1.30, N = 186). 59.1% of participants self-identified as White, and 5.4% as Hispanic/Latino, 10.8% as African-American, and 21% as Asian-American. Compared to the overall population at the university, the sample has a similar average age and ethnicity percentages. But it has a higher percentage of female participants than the population (around 50% female undergraduates overall) due to the nature of communication (liberal arts) majors. A series of independent-samples t-tests indicated that males and females didn’t differ from each other in responding to the experiment stimuli (perceived recognition, t(184) = 0.12, p = 0.90;task enjoyment,t(184) = 0.89, p = 0.37; satisfaction with performance appraisal,t(184) = 1.54, p = 0.13; organizational commitment, t(184) = 0.04, p = 0.97; time spent on editing wiki pages, t(184) = 1.23, p = 0.22; and intent to participate again, t(184) = 0.30, p = 0.76), suggesting that gender played an insignificant role under study.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Handbook of Research on Citizen Engagement and Public Participation ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1522510826 Adria, Marco, Mao, Yuping - 2016 - Political Science Specifically, communications through social media play a key role in developing youth ... For example, youth activist involvement includes the use of media, ... social norms, and technological affordances — this was a deliberate strategy intended to ... that drive commercial aspects of digital culture obscure its layered power ... [PDF]The value and role of citizen engagement in social innovation https://youngfoundation.org/wp-content/.../value-and-role-of-citizen-engagement.pdf citizen engagement and public participation – notable examples include the European Year of ..... However, it is also true that institutions play a vital role in driving social ... short, refers to social connections and the attendant norms and trust. ... positions of power or authority.26 In research commissioned by the National ... [PDF]Social Capital and Governmental Institutions https://www.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/.../Breuskin.pdf by I Breuskin - Cited by 5 - Related articles new research field investigating social trust, norms of reciprocity and networks of civic engagement. ... maintained that citizens' involvement in public affairs nurtures the “common life” (Held ... interest in the power of civic engagement (Stolle & Howard. 2008). ... social capital the driving motor of political performances or is it. Effectiveness of social norms media marketing in reducing drinking ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC) by HW Perkins - 2010 - Cited by 105 - Related articles Jun 2, 2010 - Keywords: Alcohol, Social norms, Social marketing, Driving after drinking .... Mean age of participants ranged from 27.4 (SD=4.1) to 29.5 (SD=3.8) ..... In addition, a panel design would have provided greater power by allowing us to ... utilizing this approach to address other behaviors related to public health.
