دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین طبقه بندی کاربر نوآوران از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
طبقه بندی کاربر نوآوران - یک رویکرد استفاده از دارایی کاربر مبتکر
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Classifying user-innovators – An approach to utilize user-innovator asset
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Existing research has indicated that innovations created by users can become significant and even lead the market (von Hippel, 1976; Luthje, 2004; Oliveira and von Hippel, 2009). Some users create totally new innovations from scratch while others, known as creative consumers, adapt and modify existing product offerings (Berthon et al., 2007). Collaboration with user-innovators yields commercial success for companies (Ogawa and Piller, 2006; Fuller et al., 2007; Antorini et al., 2012). Some user-innovators establish their own companies as their innovation became widely adopted and gained popularity (Shah and Tripsas, 2007). These evidences well attest users’ capabilities in innovation and their contribution to the society. One significant characteristic of user-innovators is innovation disclosure. In the producer-centered paradigm, producers attempt to protect their innovation in order to gain benefits from selling the products or innovation itself. In contrast, in the user-centered paradigm, users often voluntarily share information or reveal their innovations to colleagues, manufacturers, and even competitors (Allen, 1983; von Hippel, 2005). This character is significant for firms looking for new ideas as it is far less risky to commercialize a product that is already tested and approved by users. Though producers often innovate independently, recent empirical studies have revealed that some users develop innovations in collaboration with other users. These users generally share similar interests and belong to the same communities – either offline or online – such as open-source software (OSS) and sports communities (Franke and Shah, 2003; Lakhani and von Hippel, 2003). Such community innovators reveal their innovations so that other members can further develop or improve the products (Franke and Shah, 2003; von Hippel, 2005). The participation of the community in the R&D process offers other advantages for practitioners because the community’s reaction to an innovation can help firms predict the commercial attractiveness of user innovations. Extant research has indicated that user-innovators, especially those belonging to communities, have high potential in successfully having their innovations adopted widely, and can be collaborators with firms looking for new product ideas because these users often disclose their innovations. However, recent national surveys in Japan and the U.S. reveal that those ideal figures are difficult to find. Merely 18% and 11% of user-innovators in the U.S. and Japan, respectively, revealed their innovations (Ogawa and Pongtanalert, 2011). Moreover, approximately 10% of user-innovators in both countries belonged to communities and less than half of them disclosed their innovations1 . Berthon et al. (2007) also reveals that creative users often do not ask permission to modify firms’ offerings and do not share the outcome of their innovations with the firms. Once regarded as common characteristics, community belonging and information disclosure turn out to belong only to the minority group of user-innovators. However, no studies have ever shed light on these ‘‘majority’’ of user-innovators. Rectifying that omission in the literature requires broader exploration of their characteristics, motives for developing products, and differences between the ‘‘minority’’ and ‘‘majority’’ of user-innovators. A broad and representative sample is required to support general conclusions, because respondents from specific industries or cases may differ from userinnovators in general. This study takes that required step by employing a dataset of 21,027 samples that include 579 user-innovators. We classify them into three groups – social, revealing, and silent – based on two characteristics: community membership and information disclosure. Each group exhibits different demographics and motives for developing products and disclosing information. We determine ratios for each type of user, which types R&D managers should collaborate with, and which approaches motivate and engage them.
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کلمات کلیدی:
PDF]The dominant role of “local” information in user innovation: web.mit.edu/evhippel/www-old/papers/MountainbikingWP.pdf by C Luthje - 2002 - Cited by 134 - Related articles most relevant to user-innovators, since the bulk of their innovation-related rewards typically ...... classification of respondents into the three subgroups is 77.1%. User Innovators in the Silver Market: An Empirical Study among ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3658090448 Konstantin Wellner - 2015 - Business & Economics How would you classify your innovation? 77.8 Percent Silver Age Total Non-Silver Age 73.2 Other 7.5 3.7 6.4 Cost reduction 6.7 11.1 7.6 Time savings 17.5 11.1 ... Perspectives on User Innovation - Page 180 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1908977779 Stephen Flowers, Flis Henwood - 2010 - Business & Economics and user are reciprocally defined. However, this conceptualisation of users is not without repercussions for the position of the case in the classification scheme. What Online User Innovation Communities Can Teach Us about ... journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156175 by J Amann - 2016 - Related articles Jun 7, 2016 - Taking evidence from the study of these online user innovation ..... One study aimed at classifying practices according to their focus, namely ...
