دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین ضرورت کارآفرینی بر اقتصاد از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
چگونه آزادی اقتصادی بر فرصت و ضرورت کارآفرینی در کشورهای OECD تاثیر می گذارد
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
How economic freedom affects opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship in the OECD countries
سال انتشار : 2017
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Literature review
In recent years the effects of economic freedom on entrepreneurship has been researched in a number of studies with diverse conclusions. First, focusing on international studies using entrepreneurship indicators provided by GEM, Sobel, Clark, and Lee (2007) conduct a cross-sectional study for 22 OECD countries in 2002 by using the EFI provided by the Fraser Institute. They find that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the level of economic freedom and total entrepreneurial activity. Furthermore, they point out that the size of government and regulation are the most important areas of economic freedom for determining rates of entrepreneurship. In the same way, Powell and Rodet (2012) examine the impact that economic freedom (EFI) and societal approval of entrepreneurs have on rates of total entrepreneurial activity. They find that both cultural legitimation of entrepreneurs and economic freedom, specifically the area of economic freedom related to size of government, are associated with increased rates of entrepreneurship in a cross section of 21 quite diverse countries from different continents. They highlight the existence of some empirical evidence in support of Baumol's argument that both quality of institutions and social approval of entrepreneurs affect the prevalence of productive entrepreneurship. Beyond total entrepreneurial activity, some authors tackle the relationship between economic freedom and entrepreneurship motivation, taking into account the classification that categorizes the types of entrepreneurship, distinguishing between opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship in accordance with the GEM framework.
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کلمات کلیدی:
How economic freedom affects opportunity and necessity ... - DeepDyve https://www.deepdyve.com/.../how-economic-freedom-affects-opportunity-and-neces... Read "How economic freedom affects opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship in the OECD countries, Journal of Business Research" on DeepDyve, the ... [PDF]defining entrepreneurial activity - OECD.org https://www.oecd.org/std/business-stats/39651330.pdf by N Ahmad - Cited by 217 - Related articles activity, as well as the outcomes or impacts of entrepreneurship, especially its ... with innovation in the business sense; that is identifying market opportunities and ... Indeed the necessity of this overall approach is perhaps best summed up by ... [PDF]Redalyc.Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurship: The Mediating ... www.redalyc.org/pdf/866/86626373002.pdf by F Liñán - 2013 - Cited by 46 - Related articles Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurship: The Mediating Effect of Culture. Revista de Economía .... In this sense, the OECD (1998) recognises that en- ... Handbook of Social Capital and Regional Development: https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1783476834 Hans Westlund, Johan P. Larsson - 2016 - Business & Economics Necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship are likely to interact with migrant skills ... can enhance economic growth through second order effects (OECD, 2010). [PDF]Entrepreneurs and their impact on jobs and ... - IZA World of Labor https://wol.iza.org/.../entrepreneurs-and-their-impact-on-jobs-and-economic-growth.p... by AS Kritikos - 2014 - Cited by 27 - Related articles for the negative effects of layoffs in incumbent firms that fail because of the new competition. ... opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs, the first engaging in .... a sample of 23 OECD countries [6], and in single country studies for Germany, the. [PDF]Entrepreneurship and the business cycle - IZA World of Labor https://wol.iza.org/articles/entrepreneurship-and-the-business-cycle.pdf opportunity nascent entrepreneurship could thus have a beneficial influence on the ... Necessity nascent entrepreneurship, in contrast, does not seem to have a cyclical .... Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ... Income Level and Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries - African ... https://www.afdb.org/.../Income%20Level%20and%20Entrepreneurship%20in%20Deve... Oct 2, 2012 - effect of social protection and political culture on entrepreneurship and finds that political culture has a ... entrepreneurship out of necessity or survival. ... people may engage in opportunity entrepreneurship in line with Maslow's Hierarchy of ... The analysis of 23 OECD countries covering the period 1972-.
