دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین شهر هوشمند به عنوان سیستم اجتماعی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
شهر هوشمند به عنوان سیستم های اجتماعی سایبری فیزیکی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Smart Cities as Cyber-Physical Social Systems
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
As of 2014, 54% of the earth’s population resides in urban areas, a percentage expected to reach 66% by 2050. This increase would amount to 2.5 billion people added to urban populations [1]. At the same time, there are now 28 megacities (each with 10 million people or more) worldwide, home to 453 million people or about 12% of the world’s urban population. Projections indicate more than 41 megacities by 2030. It stands to reason that the management and sustainability of urban areas have become one of the most critical challenges our society faces today. Consequently, cities are looking for ways that ensure a sustainable, comfortable, and economically viable future for their citizens by becoming “smart.” The emerging prototype for a Smart City is one of an urban environment with a new generation of innovative services for transportation, energy distribution, healthcare, environmental monitoring, business, commerce, emergency response, and social activities [2]. The term Smart City is broadly used to capture the overall vision outlined above, as well as the intellectual content that supports it. The technological infrastructure of a Smart City is based on a network of sensors and actuators embedded throughout the urban terrain, interacting with wireless mobile devices (e.g., smartphones) and having an Internet-based backbone with cloud service. The data collected and flowing through such a cyber-physical system (CPS) may involve traffic conditions, the occupancy of parking spaces, air/water quality information, the structural health of bridges, roads, or buildings, and the location and status of city resources including transportation vehicles, police officers, or healthcare facilities. The applications stemming from this environment are virtually endless and are being invented and deployed on a daily basis, paving the way for tremendous new business and commercial opportunities targeting select user groups as much as the totality of urban dwellers. Enabling such a Smart City setting requires a cyber-physical infrastructure combined with new software platforms and strict requirements for mobility, security, safety, privacy, and the processing of massive amounts of information (so-called “big data”). The prevailing paradigm is one of a “cloud” in which most data reside and drive a variety of novel and continuously evolving applications with real-time response and stringent security expectations. It is worth emphasizing that the ultimate value of a Smart City’s infrastructure lies in “closing the loop” that consists of sensing, communicating, decision making, and actuating—rath er than simply collecting and sharing data (Fig. 1). This requires a balanced understanding of both “physical” and “cyber” components that takes into account the important issues of privacy, security, safety, and proper energy management necessitated by the wireless nature of most data collection and actuation mechanisms involved. A major challenge for this paradigm is the need to integrate heterogeneous widely distributed devices into a common software environment. For example, cameras and different types of sensors embedded in power lines or in a building’s heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) components must be able to communicate with each other, as well as with smartphones, tablets, laptops, and servers. This process may be seen as parallel to the process that occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s, as the Internet evolved to integrate data, voice, video, and specialized applications into a unified environment, and as software platforms emerged for various industry and business sectors. Similarly, in the CPS domain that the Internet is rapidly evolving toward, one expects new platforms to emerge, defined by mobility and the secure and safe processing of massive amounts of data. In this new reality, referred to as the Internet of Things, the Internet as we know it is likely to be but one component of a much larger network. Whereas the Internet is ultimately no more than a structure for transporting packets from one computer to another, in a Smart City, data flow from heterogeneous sensing devices to servers and, conversely, commands flow to actuating devices performing useful real-time operations (e.g., controlling traffic lights or HVAC components and dispatching resources for critical healthcare or emergency needs). In the current setting, each new Smart City application created requires its own unique way to fit in and become accessible to its users. What is lacking—and what defines the future—is an underlying common platform allowing such applications to become plug-and-play components in this environment.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Academic paper: Smart Cities as Cyber-Physical Social Systems https://www.researchgate.net/.../305677051_Smart_Cities_as_Cyber-Physical_Social_Sy... Feb 17, 2017 - The emerging prototype for a Smart City is one of an urban environment with a new generation of innovative services for transportation, energy ... Publication: The Future of Smart Cities: Cyber-Physical Infrastructure ... https://www.researchgate.net/.../281086433_The_Future_of_Smart_Cities_Cyber-Physic... The Future of Smart Cities: Cyber-Physical Infrastructure Risk on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. [PDF]Data-Driven Cyber-Physical Systems for Smart Cities - Rutgers CS https://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~dz220/Course671.pdf Data-Driven Cyber-Physical Systems for Smart Cities. In this spring semester, the Department of Computer Science at Rutgers will offer a new graduate-. Smart Cities Council | Cyber-physical systems help smart cities raise ... smartcitiescouncil.com/article/cyber-physical-systems-help-smart-cities-raise-their-iq May 8, 2015 - Internet-connected sensors are helping cities get smarter, but cyber-physical systems are now making those sensors smarter. It has already led ... [PDF]Cyber physical systems and Smart cities iot-360.eu/2014/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Radu_Popescu_Zeetin.pdf Cyber physical Systems are networks of ITC subsystems with mechanical and electronical components over a data communication infrastructure like Internet. Searches related to smart Cities as Cyber-Physical smart city security issues smart city cyber security cyber physical systems vs internet of things cyber physical systems definition
